Difference between revisions of "Result complements "-dao" and "-jian""
m (WikiSysop moved page Result complements "dao" and "jian" to Result complements "-dao" and "-jian") |
m (Text replacement - "</span> <span class=" to "</span><span class=") |
||
| Line 32: | Line 32: | ||
* 你 <strong>看</strong> <em>见</em> 那 个 帅哥 了 吗 ？ <span class="pinyin">Nǐ <strong>kàn</strong><em>jiàn</em> nàge shuàigē le ma?</span> | * 你 <strong>看</strong> <em>见</em> 那 个 帅哥 了 吗 ？ <span class="pinyin">Nǐ <strong>kàn</strong><em>jiàn</em> nàge shuàigē le ma?</span> | ||
| − | * 你 <strong>看</strong><em>到</em> 那 个 帅哥 了 吗 ？ <span class="pinyin">Nǐ <strong>kàn</strong><em>dào</em> nàge shuàigē le ma?</span> <span class="trans">Did you see that handsome guy?</span> | + | * 你 <strong>看</strong><em>到</em> 那 个 帅哥 了 吗 ？ <span class="pinyin">Nǐ <strong>kàn</strong><em>dào</em> nàge shuàigē le ma?</span><span class="trans">Did you see that handsome guy?</span> |
</div> | </div> | ||
| Line 39: | Line 39: | ||
* 我 <strong>看</strong> <em>见</em> 了 。 <span class="expl">We didn't say what "I" saw; you have to infer it from the context.</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒ <strong>kàn</strong><em>jiàn</em> le.</span> | * 我 <strong>看</strong> <em>见</em> 了 。 <span class="expl">We didn't say what "I" saw; you have to infer it from the context.</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒ <strong>kàn</strong><em>jiàn</em> le.</span> | ||
| − | * 我 <strong>看</strong> <em>到</em> 了 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ <strong>kàn</strong><em>dào</em> le.</span> <span class="trans">I saw him.</span> | + | * 我 <strong>看</strong> <em>到</em> 了 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ <strong>kàn</strong><em>dào</em> le.</span><span class="trans">I saw him.</span> |
</div> | </div> | ||
| Line 46: | Line 46: | ||
* 你 <strong>听</strong> <em>见</em> 了 吗 ？ <span class="pinyin">Nǐ <strong>tīng</strong><em>jiàn</em> le ma?</span> | * 你 <strong>听</strong> <em>见</em> 了 吗 ？ <span class="pinyin">Nǐ <strong>tīng</strong><em>jiàn</em> le ma?</span> | ||
| − | * 你 <strong>听</strong> <em>到</em> 了 吗 ？ <span class="pinyin">Nǐ <strong>tīng</strong><em>dào</em> le ma?</span> <span class="trans">Did you hear it?</span> | + | * 你 <strong>听</strong> <em>到</em> 了 吗 ？ <span class="pinyin">Nǐ <strong>tīng</strong><em>dào</em> le ma?</span><span class="trans">Did you hear it?</span> |
</div> | </div> | ||
| Line 67: | Line 67: | ||
* 你 <strong>没</strong> 看 <em>到</em> 那 个 帅哥 吗 ？ <span class="pinyin">Nǐ <strong>méi</strong> kàn<em>dào</em> nàge shuàigē ma?</span> | * 你 <strong>没</strong> 看 <em>到</em> 那 个 帅哥 吗 ？ <span class="pinyin">Nǐ <strong>méi</strong> kàn<em>dào</em> nàge shuàigē ma?</span> | ||
| − | * 你 <strong>没</strong> 看 <em>见</em> 那 个 帅哥 吗 ？ <span class="pinyin">Nǐ <strong>méi</strong> kàn<em>jiàn</em> nàge shuàigē ma?</span> <span class="trans">You didn't see that handsome guy?</span> | + | * 你 <strong>没</strong> 看 <em>见</em> 那 个 帅哥 吗 ？ <span class="pinyin">Nǐ <strong>méi</strong> kàn<em>jiàn</em> nàge shuàigē ma?</span><span class="trans">You didn't see that handsome guy?</span> |
</div> | </div> | ||
| Line 74: | Line 74: | ||
* 我 <strong>没有</strong> 看 <em>到</em> 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ <strong>méiyǒu</strong> kàn<em>dào</em>.</span> | * 我 <strong>没有</strong> 看 <em>到</em> 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ <strong>méiyǒu</strong> kàn<em>dào</em>.</span> | ||
| − | * 我 <strong>没有</strong> 看 <em>见</em> 。 <span class="expl">We didn't say what "I" didn't see; you have to infer it from the context.</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒ <strong>méiyǒu</strong> kàn<em>jiàn</em>.</span> <span class="trans">I didn't see him.</span> | + | * 我 <strong>没有</strong> 看 <em>见</em> 。 <span class="expl">We didn't say what "I" didn't see; you have to infer it from the context.</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒ <strong>méiyǒu</strong> kàn<em>jiàn</em>.</span><span class="trans">I didn't see him.</span> |
</div> | </div> | ||
| Line 81: | Line 81: | ||
* 你 <strong>没</strong> 听 <em>到</em> 吗 ？ <span class="pinyin">Nǐ <strong>méi</strong> tīng<em>dào</em> ma?</span> | * 你 <strong>没</strong> 听 <em>到</em> 吗 ？ <span class="pinyin">Nǐ <strong>méi</strong> tīng<em>dào</em> ma?</span> | ||
| − | * 你 <strong>没</strong> 听 <em>见</em> 吗 ？ <span class="pinyin">Nǐ <strong>méi</strong> tīng<em>jiàn</em> ma?</span> <span class="trans">You didn't hear it?</span> | + | * 你 <strong>没</strong> 听 <em>见</em> 吗 ？ <span class="pinyin">Nǐ <strong>méi</strong> tīng<em>jiàn</em> ma?</span><span class="trans">You didn't hear it?</span> |
</div> | </div> | ||
Revision as of 03:52, 24 May 2017
-
Level
-
Similar to
-
Used for
-
Keywords
Two of the most common result complements in Chinese are 到 (dào) and 见 (jiàn). On this page we're only going to be talking about verbs related to the senses ("see," "hear," etc.), and for this usage, the two are interchangeable.
Contents
Verbs with 到 (dào) and 见 (jiàn)
Structure
Result complements are a huge topic in Chinese grammar, but you can approach them in stages. The structure you come across the most is a verb with 到 (dào):
Subj. + Verb + 到 + Obj.
What 到 (dào) does is indicate that the outcome of the verb is achieved - what its result is. Without a result complement, the sentence would describe only the action itself. To illustrate, 看 (kàn) "to look" is the action of turning your head in a particular direction and focusing your eyes, whereas 看到 (kàndào), "to see," is the result of your brain taking in the visual input. It may sound a little hokey, but it really is possible to "look but not see," and Chinese makes a clear distinction between the action and the result.
The complement 见 (jiàn) is very similar to 到 (dào), and it is used in the same way:
Subj. + Verb + 见 + Obj.
However, there is a difference. 见 (jiàn) is generally only used after verbs involving one of the senses, like 听 (tīng) and 看 (kàn), whereas 到 (dào) can be attached to a large variety of verbs, which we will discuss at a higher level later.
Examples
- 你 看 见 那 个 帅哥 了 吗 ？
- 你 看到 那 个 帅哥 了 吗 ？ Did you see that handsome guy?
- 我 看 见 了 。 We didn't say what "I" saw; you have to infer it from the context.
- 我 看 到 了 。 I saw him.
- 你 听 见 了 吗 ？
- 你 听 到 了 吗 ？ Did you hear it?
Negative Forms
Structure
Subj. + 没 + Verb + 到 / 见 + Obj.
This structure can be negated using 没 (méi) on 没有 (méiyǒu). This is because if there is a result, then it already happened. And you need to use 没 (méi) to negate past events, not 不 (bù).
Examples
- 你 没 看 到 那 个 帅哥 吗 ？
- 你 没 看 见 那 个 帅哥 吗 ？ You didn't see that handsome guy?
- 我 没有 看 到 。
- 我 没有 看 见 。 We didn't say what "I" didn't see; you have to infer it from the context.I didn't see him.
- 你 没 听 到 吗 ？
- 你 没 听 见 吗 ？ You didn't hear it?
See also
Sources and further reading
Books
- Short-term Spoken Chinese: Threshold Vol. 2 (汉语口语入门篇下) (p. 92) →buy
- Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar (p. 109) →buy
- 40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课上册） (pp. 205-6)→buy
