Glossary

Adverb — This is an example with special commentary. Also known as: 副词 (fùcí). Adverbs are words that modify verbs and adjectives. In Chinese, word order of adverbs is much stricter than in English. Chinese adverbs normally come before the main verb of a sentence, but in some cases come right at the beginning of a sentence.

Auxiliary verb — Also known as: modal verb, 助动词 (zhùdòngcí), 情态动词 (qíngtài dòngcí) and 能愿动词 (néngyuàn dòngcí). Auxiliary verbs are "helping" verbs that come before main verbs and help express a tone or mood. (The word "modal" comes from "mood.") In English, auxiliary verbs include words like "should," "will," and "can," which all change something about the situation and the speaker's attitude. Auxiliary verbs express capability, possibility, necessity, obligation or willingness.

Action verb 动作动词/行为动词
Action-measure complement 动量补语
Adjective 形容词
Adjectival predicate sentence 形容词谓语句
Adverb 副词
Adverbial 状语
Affirmative-negative questions 正反问句
Affixes 词缀
Aspect 动作状态/语态
Aspectual particle 时态助词/动态助词
Attributive 定语
Auxiliary verb 助动词/情态动词/能愿动词
Cardinal number 基数词
Causative verb 使令动词/使役动词
Complement 补语
Complement of degree - see degree complement
Complement of direction - see directional complement
Complement of potentiality see potential complement
Complement of quantity - see quantitative complement
Complement of result - see result complement
Complement of state 情态补语
Complement of time-measure 时量补语
Complex sentence 复句
Conjunction 连词
Content Word 实词
Degree adverb 程度副词
Degree complement 程度补语
Demonstrative pronoun 指示代词
Dependent clause 从句
Direct object 直接宾语
Directional verb 趋向动词
Directional complement 趋向补语
Distinguishing word 区别词
Existential verb 存现动词
Judgement verb 判断动词/关系动词
Indirect object 间接宾语
Independent clause 主句
Independent phrase 独立语
Interjection 叹词/感叹词
Interrogative pronoun 疑问代词
Intransitive verb 不及物动词
Location noun 方位名词
Main clause - see independent clause
Main sentence - see main clause
Measure word 量词
Mimetic word - see onomatopoeia
Modal particle 语气助词/语气词
Modal verb - See auxiliary Verb"
Negative adverb 否定副词
Non-subject-predicate construction 非主谓句
Noun 名词
Noun measure word 名量词
Noun phrase 名词短语
Numeral 数词
Nominal predicate sentence 名词谓语句
Object 宾语
Object pre-position 宾语前置
Onomatopoeia 象声词/拟声词
Ordinal number 序数词
Particle 助词
Passive structure 被动结构/被动句式/被动语态
Personal pronoun 人称代词
Place noun 处所名词
Place adverb 处所副词
Placement verb - see existential verb
Phrase 短语/词组
Possessive pronoun 物主代词
Potential complement 可能补语
Predicate 谓语
Preposition 介词
Prepositional phrase 介词短语
Pronoun 代词
Proper noun 专有名词
Psychological verb 心理动词
Qualitative adjective 性质形容词
Quantitative phrase 数量短语
Quantitative complement 数量补语
Question pronoun - see interrogative pronoun
Relational verb - see judgement verb
Result complement 结果补语
Scope adverb 范围副词
Sentence with a nominal predicate - see nominal predicate sentence
Sentence with a verbal predicate 动词谓语句
Sentence with an adjectival predicate - see adjectival predicate sentence
Sentence with a subject-predicate structure as predicate 主谓谓语句
Sentence-final particle - see modal particle
Sentential particle - see modal particle
Separable verb 离合词
Subject 主语
Subject-predicate construction 主谓结构
Subject-predicate sentence 主谓句
Subordinate clause - see dependent clause
Stative adjective 状态形容词
Stative verb 静态动词/状态动词
Structural particle 结构助词
Time adverb 时间副词
Time phrase 时间短语
Time noun 时间名词
Tone adverb 语气副词
Topic-comment structure 主题句/主题结构/主题-评论结构/主题-述题结构/主题评述结构
Transitive verb 及物动词
Verb 动词
Verb measure word 动量词
Verb phrase 动词短语
Verbal predicate sentence - see sentence with a verbal predicate