Difference between revisions of "Direction complement "-qilai""

Latest revision as of 04:04, 21 February 2020

Level

B1 / HSK4
Level

B1
Level

HSK4
Similar to
- Result complements "-dao" and "-jian" (A2)
- Appearance with "kanqilai" (B1)
- Direction complement (B1)
- Result complement "-xiaqu" (B1)
- Result complements (B1)
- Advanced uses of direction complement "-qilai" (B2)
Similar to
- Result complements (HSK2, HSK3)
- Result complements "-dao" and "-jian" (HSK2)
- Appearance with "kanqilai" (HSK3)
- Direction complement (HSK3, HSK4)
- Result complement "-xiaqu" (HSK3)
- Advanced uses of direction complement "-qilai" (HSK4)
Used for

Describing actions, Expressing movement, Expressing result
Keywords

来, 起来, 起

起来 (qǐlái) comes up very frequently in Chinese and can be used both literally and figuratively. This is a little like the usage of "up" in English, which can be used literally, as in "stand up," or figuratively, as in "add up." When used figuratively, 起来 often serves as a direction complement.

Basic Meaning

Structure

起来 can be used to express an upward movement like "up," as in the English examples of "stand up" or "pick up."

Verb + 起来

Examples

请大家站起来。Qǐng dàjiā zhàn qǐlái.Everyone, please stand up.
捡起来。Jiǎn qǐlái.Pick it up (from the floor).
头抬起来。Tóu tái qǐlái.Raise your head.
别动！把手举起来。Bié dòng! Bǎ shǒu jǔ qǐlái.Don't move! Put your hands up.

Used for Initiation of an Action

Structure

起来 can also be used to show that an action or state has started and is ongoing:

Verb / Adj. + 起来 +了

Examples

小鸟飞起来了。Xiǎoniǎo fēi qǐlái le .The birds started flying.
宝宝哭起来了。Bǎobao kū qǐlái le.The baby started crying.
两个大妈吵起来了。Liǎng gè dàmā chǎo qǐlái le.Two middle-aged ladies started arguing.
天气热起来了。Tiānqì rè qǐlái le.It's getting hot.
结婚以后，她胖起来了。Jiéhūn yǐhòu, tā pàng qǐlái le.After she got married, she has started to gain weight.
爷爷的身体好起来了。Yéye de shēntǐ hǎo qǐlái le.Grandpa's health is getting better.

When used like this, 起来 is only used with spontaneous actions, like 唱 (chàng), 跳 (tiào), 聊 (liáo), or with states like 热 (rè), 冷 (lěng), or 好 (hǎo) etc. It cannot be used with planned actions.

你几点工作起来？Nǐ jǐ diǎn gōngzuò qǐlái?
你几点开始工作？Nǐ jǐ diǎn kāishǐ gōngzuò?What time will you start working?

It can also used as a way to encourage people to start doing something immediately:

大家唱起来，跳起来 ! Dàjiā chàng qǐlái, tiào qǐlái !Let's sing and dance, everybody!

Used for an Initial Judgement

起来 is used here to express that the speaker has only just initiated an action, and based on that, has made a preliminary judgment. It is used in the following structure:

Structure

Subj. + Verb + 起来 + Adv. + Adj.

This expresses that the subject seems adjective when the action of the verb is performed. This structure is frequently used with perception verbs such as 看, 听, 闻, 摸, etc.

Examples

他 看起来 很友好 。Tā kàn qǐlái hěn yǒuhǎo.He looks very friendly.
你的头发 闻起来 很香 。Nǐ de tóufa wén qǐlái hěn xiāng.Your hair smells good.
这件事情 听起来 有点复杂 。Zhè jiàn shìqing tīng qǐlái yǒudiǎn fùzá.This matter sounds a little bit complex.
这些菜 尝起来 都不错。Zhèxiē cài cháng qǐlái dōu bùcuò.These foods all taste good.
你的床 摸起来 很舒服 。Nǐ de chuáng mō qǐlái hěn shūfu.Your bed feels very comfortable.

Sources and further reading

Books

Websites

Yale: Extended meaning of some directional complements

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 {{Grammar Box}}
-起来 (qǐlái) comes up very frequently in Chinese and can be used both literally and figuratively. This is a little like the usage of "up" in English which can be used literally, as in "stand up," or figuratively, as in "add up."
+起来 (qǐlái) comes up very frequently in Chinese and can be used both literally and figuratively. This is a little like the usage of "up" in English, which can be used literally, as in "stand up," or figuratively, as in "add up." When used figuratively, 起来 often serves as  a [[direction complement]].
-==Expressing an upward movement==
+== Basic Meaning ==
-起来 can be used to express an upward movement like "up", as in the English examples of "stand up" or "pick up."
+=== Structure ===
+起来 can be used to express an upward movement like "up," as in the English examples of "stand up" or "pick up."
+<div class="jiegou">
+Verb + 起来
+</div>
+=== Examples ===
 <div class="liju">
-* 请 大家 <em>站 起来</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Qǐng dàjiā <em>zhàn qǐlái</em>.</span> <span class="trans">Please stand up.</span>
-* 快 把 地上 的 书 <em>捡 起来</em>。<span class="pinyin">Kuài diǎn bǎ shū <em>jiǎn qǐlái</em>. </span><span class="trans">Quickly pick up the books on the floor. </span>
+*请 大家 <strong>站</strong> <em>起来</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Qǐng dàjiā <strong>zhàn</strong> <em>qǐlái</em>.</span><span class="trans">Everyone, please stand up.</span>
-* 你 怎么 不 把 老人 <em>扶 起来</em>。<span class="trans"> Why didn't you keep the old man upright?  </span>
+*<strong>捡</strong> <em>起来</em>。<span class="pinyin"><strong>Jiǎn</strong> <em>qǐlái</em>.</span><span class="trans">Pick it up (from the floor).</span>
-* 别 动！把 手 <em>举 起来</em>。<span class="trans">Don't move! Put your hands up. </span>
+*头 <strong>抬</strong> <em>起来</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Tóu <strong>tái</strong> <em>qǐlái</em>.</span><span class="trans">Raise your head.</span>
-* 他 吓 得 头发 都 <em>竖 起来</em>了。<span class="trans">He was so scared that his hair stood up.</span>
+*别动 ！<strong>把</strong> 手 <strong>举</strong> <em>起来</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Bié dòng! <strong>Bǎ</strong> shǒu <strong>jǔ</strong> <em>qǐlái</em>.</span><span class="trans">Don't move! Put your hands up.</span>
 </div>
-==Expressing an initial judgement==
+== Used for Initiation of an Action ==
-起来 can also be used to express a preliminary judgement. 起来 is used here to express that the speaker has only just initiated an action, and based on that, has made a quick judgement. It is used in the following structure:
+=== Structure ===
+起来 can also be used to show that an action or state has started and is ongoing:
+<div class="jiegou">
+Verb / Adj. + 起来 +了
+</div>
+=== Examples ===
+<div class="liju">
+*小鸟 飞 <em>起来</em> <strong>了</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Xiǎoniǎo fēi <em>qǐlái</em><strong> le </strong>.</span><span class="trans">The birds started flying.</span>
+*宝宝 哭 <em>起来</em> <strong>了</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Bǎobao kū <em>qǐlái</em> <strong>le</strong>.</span><span class="trans">The baby started crying.</span>
+*两 个 大妈 吵 <em>起来</em> <strong>了</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Liǎng gè dàmā chǎo <em>qǐlái</em> <strong>le</strong>.</span><span class="trans">Two middle-aged ladies started arguing.</span>
+*天气 热 <em>起来</em> <strong>了</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Tiānqì rè <em>qǐlái</em> <strong>le</strong>.</span><span class="trans">It's getting hot.</span>
+*结婚 以后 ，她 胖 <em>起来</em> <strong>了</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Jiéhūn yǐhòu, tā pàng <em>qǐlái</em> <strong>le</strong>.</span><span class="trans">After she got married, she has started to gain weight.</span>
+*爷爷 的 身体 好 <em>起来</em> <strong>了</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Yéye de shēntǐ hǎo <em>qǐlái</em> <strong>le</strong>.</span><span class="trans">Grandpa's health is getting better.</span>
+</div>
+When used like this, 起来 is only used with spontaneous actions, like 唱 (chàng),  跳 (tiào),  聊 (liáo), or with states like 热 (rè),  冷 (lěng), or 好 (hǎo) etc. It cannot be used with planned actions.
+<div class="liju">
+<ul>
+<li class="x">你 几 点 <strong>工作</strong> <em>起来</em> ？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ jǐ diǎn <strong>gōngzuò</strong> <em>qǐlái</em>?</span> </li>
+<li class="o">你 几 点 <em>开始</em> <strong>工作</strong> ？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ jǐ diǎn <em>kāishǐ</em> <strong>gōngzuò</strong>?</span><span class="trans">What time will you start working?</span></li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+It can also used as a way to encourage people to start doing something immediately:
+<div class="liju">
+*大家 <strong>唱</strong> <em>起来</em> ，<strong>跳</strong> <em>起来</em> !  <span class="pinyin">Dàjiā <strong>chàng</strong> <em>qǐlái</em>, <strong>tiào</strong> <em>qǐlái</em> !</span><span class="trans">Let's sing and dance, everybody!</span>
+</div>
+== Used for an Initial Judgement==
+起来 is used here to express that the speaker has only just initiated an action, and based on that, has made a preliminary judgment. It is used in the following structure:
 === Structure ===
 <div class="jiegou">
-Subj. + Verb + 起来 + Adj.
+Subj. + Verb + 起来 + Adv. + Adj.
 </div>
-This expresses that the subject seems ''adjective'' when the action of the verb is performed. This structure is frequently used with [[perception verb]]s such as 看, 听, 尝 etc.
+This expresses that the subject seems ''adjective'' when the action of the verb is performed. This structure is frequently used with perception verbs such as 看, 听, 闻, 摸, etc.
 === Examples ===
 <div class="liju">
-<div class="liju">
-* 他 <em>看 起来</em> 很 友好。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>kàn qǐlái</em> hěn yǒuhǎo.</span><span class="trans">He looks very friendly.</span>
+*他 <em>看 起来</em> <strong>很 友好</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>kàn qǐlái</em> <strong>hěn yǒuhǎo</strong>.</span><span class="trans">He looks very friendly.</span>
-* 这 件 事情 <em>听 起来</em> 有点 复杂。<span class="pinyin">Zhè jiàn shìqing <em>tīng qǐlái</em> yǒudiǎn fùzá.</span><span class="trans">This matter sounds a little bit complex.</span>
+*你 的 头发 <em>闻 起来</em> <strong>很 香</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ de tóufa <em>wén qǐlái</em> <strong>hěn xiāng</strong>.</span><span class="trans">Your hair smells good.</span>
-* 你 点 的 菜 <em>尝 起来</em> 不错。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ diǎn de cài <em>cháng qǐlái</em> bùcuò.</span><span class="trans">The dishes that you ordered tastes good .</span>
+*这 件 事情 <em>听 起来</em> <strong>有点 复杂</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Zhè jiàn shìqing  <em>tīng qǐlái</em> <strong>yǒudiǎn fùzá</strong>.</span><span class="trans">This matter sounds a little bit complex.</span>
-* 这 件 衣服 <em>摸 起来</em> 很 舒服。<span class="pinyin">Zhè jiàn yīfu <em>mō qǐlái</em> hěn shūfu.</span><span class="trans">These clothes feel very comfortable.</span>
+*这些 菜 <em>尝 起来</em> 都 <strong>不错</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Zhèxiē cài <em>cháng qǐlái</em> dōu <strong>bùcuò</strong>.</span><span class="trans">These foods all taste good.</span>
+*你 的 床 <em>摸 起来</em> <strong>很 舒服</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ de chuáng <em>mō qǐlái</em> <strong>hěn shūfu</strong>.</span><span class="trans">Your bed feels very comfortable.</span>
 </div>
 == See also ==
-* [[Result complement "xiaqu"|下去]]
-* [[Resultative Complement "chu(lai)"|出来]]
+* [[Result complement "xiaqu"]]
+* [[Advanced result complements]]
 * [[Direction complement]]
-* [[Result complements "dao" and "jian"]]
 * [[Appearance with "kanqilai"]]
@@ Line 46: / Line 96: @@
 === Books ===
-* [[Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级) ]] (pp. 25-31) [http://www.amazon.cn/gp/product/B004WA6JSQ/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B004WA6JSQ →buy]
-* [[Boya Chinese Elementary Starter 2 (博雅汉语初经起步篇) ]] (pp. 80)[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7301078617/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=7301078617 →buy]
+{{Source|Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级) |25-31}}
-* [[New Practical Chinese Reader 5 (新实用汉语课本5) ]] (pp. 134-5)[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561914083/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561914083 →buy]
+{{Source|Boya Chinese Elementary Starter 2 (博雅汉语初经起步篇) |80}}
-*[[40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课下册）]] (pp. 355-6)[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001FTL8D8/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=B001FTL8D8&linkCode=as2&tag=allset-20 →buy]
+{{Source|New Practical Chinese Reader 5 (新实用汉语课本5) |134-5}}
-* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2]] (p. 20) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276881/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0887276881 →buy]
+{{Source|40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课下册）|355-6}}
+{{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2|20}}
+{{Source|HSK Standard Course 4下|60}}
+{{Source|HSK Standard Course 5上|36}}
 === Websites ===
 * Yale: [http://comet.cls.yale.edu/mandarin/content/directional/grammar/direction-3a.htm Extended meaning of some directional complements]
-{{Basic Grammar|起来|B1|V + 起来|站 <em>起来</em>！说 <em>起来</em> 容易，做 <em>起来</em> 难。|grammar point|ASGBPXOB}}
+{{HSK|HSK4}}
+{{Basic Grammar|起来|B1|Verb / Adj.+ 起来|天气 热 <em>起来</em> <strong>了</strong> 。|grammar point|ASGBPXOB}}
 {{Rel char|起}}
 {{Rel char|来}}
@@ Line 64: / Line 118: @@
 {{Similar|Result complements "dao" and "jian"}}
 {{Similar|Appearance with "kanqilai"}}
-{{Similar|Result complement "-cuo"}}
-{{Similar|Result complement "-hao"}}
 {{Used for|Expressing result}}
 {{Used for|Describing actions}}
 {{Used for|Expressing movement}}
 {{Structure|Complements}}
-{{Subprop|Result complement}}
+{{Subprop|Direction complement}}

Difference between revisions of "Direction complement "-qilai""

Latest revision as of 04:04, 21 February 2020

Contents

Basic Meaning

Structure

Examples

Used for Initiation of an Action

Structure

Examples

Used for an Initial Judgement

Structure

Examples

See also

Sources and further reading

Books

Websites