Difference between revisions of "Taiwanese "you""
(Remove B2 Grammar Points Category)
 
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{{Grammar Box}}  
 
{{Grammar Box}}  
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Taiwanese Mandarin differs slightly from Mainland Mandarin. (Don't be surprised if a Beijinger tells you these patterns are 100% ''wrong''.) A characteristic of Taiwanese Mandarin is the extensive usage of 有 as in the examples that follow.
  
−
Taiwanese Mandarin differs slightly from Mainland Mandarin. A characteristic of Taiwanese Mandarin is the usage of 有.
+
NOTE: we're talking about ''regional usage'' of ''Mandarin Chinese'' here, not other Taiwanese dialects/topolects. It's good for upper intermediate learners to know about these patterns simply because at this level you don't want to be confused by the basic grammar of a Taiwanese speaker's Mandarin.
  
−
== Completed Verbs ==
+
== Basic Usage ==
  
−
In the Chinese language, there are verbs called “completed verbs.” These verbs are usually followed by a compliment, as they are not verbs that are ongoing. This is referring to the past tense.
+
Some verbs, especially when followed by certain complements, indicate completeness. When 有 is used with these verbs, it's a clear reference to the past.
  
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
−
 
+
Subj. + 有 + [Verb Phrase]
−
Subj. + 有 + Verb + Obj.
 
−
 
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
−
 
+
*我们 <em>有</em> 听懂 你 的 话 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <em>yǒu</em> tīng dǒng nǐ dehuà.</span><span class="trans">We understood what you said.</span>
−
*你 <em>有</em> 说 错 这 句 话 。<span class="trans">You said this sentence wrong.</span>
+
*我们 都 <em>有</em> 听到 宝宝 哭 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen dōu <em>yǒu</em> tīng dào bǎobao kū.</span><span class="trans">We all heard the baby cry.</span>
−
*老板 <em>有</em> 学 会  上海话 。<span class="trans">The boss studied the Shanghai dialect.</span>
+
*我 <em>有</em> 看到 他们 吵架 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yǒu</em> kàn dào tāmen chǎojià.</span><span class="trans">I saw them fighting.</span>
−
*我们 <em>有</em> 听 懂 你的 话 。<span class="trans">I understood what you said.</span>
 
−
*我 <em>有</em> 看到 她 跟 你 前男友 在 一起。<span class="trans">I saw her and your ex-boyfriend together.</span>
 
−
*我们 都 <em>有</em> 听到 宝宝 哭。<span class="trans">We all heard the baby cry. </span>
 
−
 
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
−
== Action Verbs ==
+
When 有 is put in front of action verbs in Taiwanese Mandarin, it can indicate that the verb is still continuing.
−
 
 
−
There are also verbs categorized as “action verbs.” In Taiwanese Mandarin, when 有 is put in front of these verbs, it actually indicates that the verb is still continuing.
 
−
 
 
−
=== Structure ===
 
−
 
 
−
<div class="jiegou">
 
−
 
 
−
Subj. + 有 +  Verb + Obj.
 
−
 
 
−
</div>
 
−
 
 
−
=== Examples ===
 
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
−
*我 <em>有</em> 吃 药，可是 感冒 还是 美好 。<span class="trans">I have taken medicine, but my cold hasn’t gotten better. </span>
+
*他 <em>有</em> 学 ，而且 很 喜欢 。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>yǒu</em> xué, érqiě hěn xǐhuan.</span><span class="trans">He's studying it and he likes it very much.</span>
−
*他 <em>有</em> 告诉 我 你的 电话 号码 。<span class="trans">He has told me your phone number. </span>
+
*我 <em>有</em> 吃 ，但是 不太 饿 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yǒu</em> chī, dànshì bù tài è.</span><span class="trans">I am eating, but I'm not too hungry.</span>
−
*我 <em>有</em> 考虑 你 提的 建议。<span class="trans">I have considered the suggestion you proposed.  </span>
 
−
*她 <em>有</em> 拿 你的 钱 吗？<span class="trans">Has she taken your money? </span>
 
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
−
== Adj. that follow 有 with 到 ==
+
== Adjectives after 有 ==
  
−
Adjectives can also follow 有. These adjectives are all in the past tense, with a 到 following the adjective.
+
Adjectives can also follow 有. This pattern is used for statement about the past, and a 到 must follow the adjectives.
  
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
−
 
 
Subj. + 有 + Adj. + 到
 
Subj. + 有 + Adj. + 到
−
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
−
* 第一次 做 这么 多 运动，真的 <em>有</em> 累 <strong>到</strong> 。<span class="trans">The first time I exercised so much, I was so tired. </span>
+
*昨天 搬家 ，真的 <em>有</em> 累 <strong>到</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Zuótiān bānjiā, zhēn de <em>yǒu</em> lèi <strong>dào</strong>.</span><span class="trans">I was moving yesterday and I was so tired.</span>
−
* 他 突然 提出 跟 我 分手，我 真的 <em>有</em> 伤 <strong>到</strong> 。<span class="trans">He asked to break up out of nowhere. I was so hurt. </span>
+
*他 突然 要 分手 ，我 真的 <em>有</em> 伤 <strong>到</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Tā tūrán yào fēnshǒu, wǒ zhēn de <em>yǒu</em> shāng <strong>dào</strong>.</span><span class="trans">He asked to break up out of nowhere. I was so hurt.</span>
−
* 你 买 了 那么 多 二手 家具，<em>有</em> 省 <strong>到</strong> 吗？<span class="trans">You bought so many second-hand furniture. Does it save you a lot of money? </span>
+
*你们 突然 大叫 着 跑 出来 ，我 真的 <em>有</em> 吓 <strong>到</strong> ！<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen tūrán dà jiàozhe pǎo chūlai, wǒ zhēn de <em>yǒu</em> xià <strong>dào</strong>!</span><span class="trans">You guys suddenly came running out screaming loudly. I was so scared!</span>
−
* 你们 突然 大叫 着 跑 出来，我 真的<em>有</em> 吓 <strong>到</strong> ！<span class="trans">You guys suddenly came running out screaming loudly. I was so scared! </span>
 
−
* 这 家 店 今天 全场 打 一 折，我 买 了 好 多，<em>有</em> 赚 <strong>到</strong>！<span class="trans">Everything in this store is 90% off today. I bought a lot. It was so cheap! </span>
 
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
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== Adj. not in the past tense using 有 ==
 
== Adj. not in the past tense using 有 ==
  
−
Some adjectives can follow 有 and are not used as the past tense.  
+
Some adjectives can follow 有 when not referring to past events.  
  
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
−
 
 
Subj. + 有 + Adj.
 
Subj. + 有 + Adj.
−
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
−
* 你 跟 你 妈妈 <em>有</em> 像 耶 ！<span class="trans">You and your mom look alike! </span>
+
*大家 都 <em>有</em> 激动 。<span class="pinyin">Dàjiā dōu <em>yǒu</em> jīdòng.</span><span class="trans">Everyone is excited.</span>
−
* 他 那天 <em>有</em> 生气。<span class="trans">He was angry the other day. </span>
+
*我 <em>有</em> 紧张 吗 ？<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yǒu</em> jǐnzhāng ma?</span><span class="trans">Do I look like I'm nervous?</span>
−
* 我 <em>有</em> 紧张 吗？<span class="trans">Was I nervous? </span>
+
*你 说话 <em>有</em> 不 礼貌 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ shuōhuà <em>yǒu</em> bù lǐmào.</span><span class="trans">The way you speak is impolite.</span>
−
* 她 当然 <em>有</em> 失望，你 又 忘了 她 的 生日！<span class="trans">Of course she was disappointed. You forgot her birthday again! </span>
 
−
* 你 那么 大声 说话，我们 都 <em>有</em> 害怕。<span class="trans">We were all scared when you shout at us. </span>
 
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
−
== 了 after the verb ==
+
== Used with Verb + 过 ==
−
 
 
−
When adding a 了after the verb, you’re stressing that the action is completed.
 
−
 
 
−
=== Structure ===
 
−
 
 
−
<div class="jiegou">
 
−
 
 
−
Subj. + 有 + Verb + 了
 
−
 
 
−
</div>
 
−
 
 
−
=== Examples ===
 
−
 
 
−
<div class="liju">
 
−
 
 
−
*我 刚才 <em>有</em>上 厕所 <strong>了</strong>。<span class="trans">I just now finished using the restaurant. </span>
 
−
*他 <em>有</em> 吃 中饭 <strong>了</strong> 。<span class="trans">He finished eating lunch. </span>
 
−
*老板 早上<em>有</em> 喝 咖啡 <strong>了</strong>。<span class="trans">The boss drank coffee this morning. </span>
 
−
*我 <em>有</em> 发 微信 给 你 <strong>了</strong>。<span class="trans">I already sent you a WeChat. </span>
 
−
*我们 昨晚 <em>有</em> 吵架 <strong>了</strong> 。<span class="trans">We fought last night. </span>
 
−
 
 
−
</div>
 
−
 
 
−
== 过 after the verb ==
 
  
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
−
*我 <em>有</em> 去 <strong>过</strong> 中国。<span class="trans">I have been to China.</span>
+
*我 <em>有</em> 去 <strong>过</strong> 中国 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yǒu</em> qù <strong>guò</strong> Zhōngguó.</span><span class="trans">I have been to China.</span>
−
*他 <em>有</em> 吃 <strong>过</strong> 小笼包。<span class="trans">He has eaten steamed dumplings.</span>
+
*我 <em>有</em> 学 <strong>过</strong> 这 个 词 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yǒu</em> xué <strong>guò</strong> zhège cí.</span><span class="trans">I have studied this word.</span>
−
*你 <em>有</em> 见 <strong>过</strong> 那 个 人 吗？<span class="trans">Have you seen that person before?</span>
+
*你 <em>有</em> 见 <strong>过</strong> 那 个 人 吗？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>yǒu</em> jiàn <strong>guò</strong> nàge rén ma?</span><span class="trans">Have you seen that person before?</span>
−
*我 <em>有</em> 做 <strong>过</strong> 这样 的 工作。<span class="trans">I have done work like this before.</span>
+
*你 <em>有</em> 自己 做 <strong>过</strong> 饭 吗 ？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>yǒu</em> zìjǐ zuò <strong>guò</strong> fàn ma?</span><span class="trans">Have you ever cooked for yourself?</span>
−
*你 <em>有</em> 自己 做 <strong>过</strong> 饭 吗？<span class="trans">Have you ever cooked for yourself?</span>
 
−
*你 <em>有</em> 学 <strong>过</strong> 中文？<span class="trans">Have you ever studied Chinese?</span>
 
−
*你 <em>有</em> 看 <strong>过</strong> 这 个 电影 吗？<span class="trans">Have you seen this movie?</span>
 
−
*我 <em>有</em> 学 <strong>过</strong> 这 个 词。<span class="trans">I have studied this word.</span>
 
−
*我 <em>有</em> 用 <strong>过</strong> 电脑，我 会 用。<span class="trans">I have used a computer before, I can use it.</span>
 
−
*我 <em>有</em> 买 <strong>过</strong> 这里 的 巧克力，不 好吃。<span class="trans">I have bought the chocolate here, it's not good.</span>
 
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
−
 
  
 
== 在 after 有 ==
 
== 在 after 有 ==
  
−
In Standard Mandarin, using 在 before a verb is the equivalent to the English –ing. When used with 有 in front of it, it is usually referring to habitual action, or an action that can be stopped. This is not in the past tense, but rather a continuing action.  
+
In Standard Mandarin, using 在 before a verb is similar to adding -ing after a verb in English. When used with 有 in front of it, it is usually referring to habitual action, or an action that can be stopped. This is not referring to the past, but rather a continuing action.  
  
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
−
 
 
Subj. + 有 + 在 + Verb
 
Subj. + 有 + 在 + Verb
−
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
Line 166: Line 106:
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
−
*那 时候 你 <em>有</em> <strong>在</strong> 工作 吗？<span class="trans">At that time, were you working? </span>
+
*你 <em>有</em> <strong>在</strong> 做 兼职 吗？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>yǒu</em> <strong>zài</strong> zuò jiānzhí ma?</span><span class="trans">Are you doing a part time job?</span>
−
*这家 店 <em>有</em> <strong>在</strong> 卖 小孩子的 衣服 吗？<span class="trans">Is this store selling children’s clothes?</span>
+
*我 <em>有</em> <strong>在</strong> 考虑 跟 她 分手 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yǒu</em> <strong>zài</strong> kǎolǜ gēn tā fēnshǒu.</span><span class="trans">I am considering breaking up with her.</span>
−
*我 <em>有</em> <strong>在</strong> 考虑 跟 她 分手 。<span class="trans">I am considering breaking up with her. </span>
+
*我 妈妈 <em>有</em> <strong>在</strong> 吃素 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ māma <em>yǒu</em> <strong>zài</strong> chīsù.</span><span class="trans">My mom eats vegetarian.</span>
−
*我 妈妈 <em>有</em> <strong>在</strong> 吃素 。<span class="trans"> My mom is a vegetarian. </span>
 
−
*你的 学生 <em>有</em> <strong>在</strong> 写 日记 吗？<span class="trans"> Do your students write diaries? </span>
 
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
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=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
  
−
*[[A Practical Chinese Grammar For Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法) ]] (p. 138) [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA →buy]
+
{{Source|A Practical Chinese Grammar For Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法)|}}
−
*[[Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition]] (pp. 59-60) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415372615/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0415372615 →buy]
+
{{Source|Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition|59-60}}
−
*[[Chinese Grammar Without Tears (简明汉语语法学习手册) ]] (pp. 73-4) [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp/ref=as_li_ss_tl?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B0041UGAJU&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B0041UGAJU →buy]
+
{{Source|Chinese Grammar Without Tears (简明汉语语法学习手册) |73-4}}
−
*[[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)]] (pp. 83- 4) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276709/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276709 →buy]
+
{{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)|83- 4}}
−
*[[Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1]] (pp. 345-7) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276792/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276792 →buy]
+
{{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1|345-7}}
−
*[[Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2]] (pp. 49-51) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276881/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0887276881 →buy]
+
{{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2|49-51}}
−
*[[Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide]] (pp. 76-7, 230-2) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415700108?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0415700108 →buy]
+
{{Source|Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide|76-7, 230-2}}
−
*[[New Practical Chinese Reader 2 (新实用汉语课本2)]] (pp. 175-6) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561911297/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561911297 →buy]
+
{{Source|New Practical Chinese Reader 2 (新实用汉语课本2)|175-6}}
−
*[[40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课上册）]] (p. 188)[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001FTL8D8/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=B001FTL8D8&linkCode=as2&tag=allset-20 →buy]
+
{{Source|40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课上册）|188}}
  
 
=== Websites ===
 
=== Websites ===
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{{Used for|Referring to the past}}
 
{{Used for|Referring to the past}}
 
{{Used for|Referring to past experiences}}
 
{{Used for|Referring to past experiences}}
−
[[Category:B2 grammar points]]
 
 
[[Category:Taiwanese Mandarin]]
 
[[Category:Taiwanese Mandarin]]
−
{{Basic Grammar|有|B2|有 + Verb + 过|我 <em>有</em> 去 过 中国。|grammar point|ASGY2D79}}
+
{{Basic Grammar|有||有 + Verb + 过|我 <em>有</em> 去 过 中国。|grammar point|ASGY2D79}}
 
{{Rel char|过}}
 
{{Rel char|过}}
 
{{Similar|Expressing experiences with "guo"}}
 
{{Similar|Expressing experiences with "guo"}}
 
{{Translation|have}}
 
{{Translation|have}}
 
{{POS|Particles}}
 
{{POS|Particles}}

Latest revision as of 02:07, 18 December 2020

Taiwanese Mandarin differs slightly from Mainland Mandarin. (Don't be surprised if a Beijinger tells you these patterns are 100% wrong.) A characteristic of Taiwanese Mandarin is the extensive usage of 有 as in the examples that follow.

NOTE: we're talking about regional usage of Mandarin Chinese here, not other Taiwanese dialects/topolects. It's good for upper intermediate learners to know about these patterns simply because at this level you don't want to be confused by the basic grammar of a Taiwanese speaker's Mandarin.

Basic Usage

Some verbs, especially when followed by certain complements, indicate completeness. When 有 is used with these verbs, it's a clear reference to the past.

Structure

Subj. + 有 + [Verb Phrase]

Examples

  • 我们 有 听懂 你 的 话 。Wǒmen yǒu tīng dǒng nǐ dehuà.We understood what you said.
  • 我们 都 有 听到 宝宝 哭 。Wǒmen dōu yǒu tīng dào bǎobao kū.We all heard the baby cry.
  • 我 有 看到 他们 吵架 。Wǒ yǒu kàn dào tāmen chǎojià.I saw them fighting.

When 有 is put in front of action verbs in Taiwanese Mandarin, it can indicate that the verb is still continuing.

  • 他 有 学 ，而且 很 喜欢 。Tā yǒu xué, érqiě hěn xǐhuan.He's studying it and he likes it very much.
  • 我 有 吃 ，但是 不太 饿 。Wǒ yǒu chī, dànshì bù tài è.I am eating, but I'm not too hungry.

Adjectives after 有

Adjectives can also follow 有. This pattern is used for statement about the past, and a 到 must follow the adjectives.

Structure

Subj. + 有 + Adj. + 到

Examples

  • 昨天 搬家 ，真的 有 累 到 。Zuótiān bānjiā, zhēn de yǒu lèi dào.I was moving yesterday and I was so tired.
  • 他 突然 要 分手 ，我 真的 有 伤 到 。Tā tūrán yào fēnshǒu, wǒ zhēn de yǒu shāng dào.He asked to break up out of nowhere. I was so hurt.
  • 你们 突然 大叫 着 跑 出来 ，我 真的 有 吓 到 ！Nǐmen tūrán dà jiàozhe pǎo chūlai, wǒ zhēn de yǒu xià dào!You guys suddenly came running out screaming loudly. I was so scared!

Adj. not in the past tense using 有

Some adjectives can follow 有 when not referring to past events.

Structure

Subj. + 有 + Adj.

Examples

  • 大家 都 有 激动 。Dàjiā dōu yǒu jīdòng.Everyone is excited.
  • 我 有 紧张 吗 ？Wǒ yǒu jǐnzhāng ma?Do I look like I'm nervous?
  • 你 说话 有 不 礼貌 。Nǐ shuōhuà yǒu bù lǐmào.The way you speak is impolite.

Used with Verb + 过

Structure

Subj. + 有 + Verb + 过 + Obj.

Examples

  • 我 有 去 过 中国 。Wǒ yǒu qù guò Zhōngguó.I have been to China.
  • 我 有 学 过 这 个 词 。Wǒ yǒu xué guò zhège cí.I have studied this word.
  • 你 有 见 过 那 个 人 吗？Nǐ yǒu jiàn guò nàge rén ma?Have you seen that person before?
  • 你 有 自己 做 过 饭 吗 ？Nǐ yǒu zìjǐ zuò guò fàn ma?Have you ever cooked for yourself?

在 after 有

In Standard Mandarin, using 在 before a verb is similar to adding -ing after a verb in English. When used with 有 in front of it, it is usually referring to habitual action, or an action that can be stopped. This is not referring to the past, but rather a continuing action.

Structure

Subj. + 有 + 在 + Verb

Examples

  • 你 有 在 做 兼职 吗？Nǐ yǒu zài zuò jiānzhí ma?Are you doing a part time job?
  • 我 有 在 考虑 跟 她 分手 。Wǒ yǒu zài kǎolǜ gēn tā fēnshǒu.I am considering breaking up with her.
  • 我 妈妈 有 在 吃素 。Wǒ māma yǒu zài chīsù.My mom eats vegetarian.

Sources and further reading

Books

Websites

:INVALID"INVALID" is not in the list (HSK0, HSK1, HSK2, HSK3, HSK4, HSK5, HSK6) of allowed values for the "HSK" property.

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