Difference between revisions of "Taiwanese "you""

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{{Grammar Box}}  
 
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Taiwanese Mandarin differs slightly from Mainland Mandarin. (Don't be surprised if a Beijinger tells you these patterns are 100% ''wrong''.) A characteristic of Taiwanese Mandarin is the extensive usage of 有 as in the examples that follow.
  
Taiwanese Mandarin differs slightly from Mainland Mandarin. A characteristic of Taiwanese Mandarin is the usage of 有.
+
NOTE: we're talking about ''regional usage'' of ''Mandarin Chinese'' here, not other Taiwanese dialects/topolects. It's good for upper intermediate learners to know about these patterns simply because at this level you don't want to be confused by the basic grammar of a Taiwanese speaker's Mandarin.
  
== Completed Verbs ==
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== Basic Usage ==
  
In the Chinese language, there are verbs called “completed verbs.” These verbs are usually followed by a compliment, as they are not verbs that are ongoing. This is referring to the past tense.
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Some verbs, especially when followed by certain complements, indicate completeness. When 有 is used with these verbs, it's a clear reference to the past.
  
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
 
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*我们 <em>有</em> 听懂 你 的 话 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <em>yǒu</em> tīng dǒng nǐ dehuà.</span><span class="trans">We understood what you said.</span>
*我们 <em>有</em> 你 的 话 。<span class="trans">We listened to you.</span>
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*我们 都 <em>有</em> 听到 宝宝 哭 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen dōu <em>yǒu</em> tīng dào bǎobao kū.</span><span class="trans">We all heard the baby cry.</span>
*我们 都 <em>有</em> 听到 宝宝 哭 。<span class="trans">We all heard the baby cry.</span>
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*我 <em>有</em> 看到 他们 吵架 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yǒu</em> kàn dào tāmen chǎojià.</span><span class="trans">I saw them fighting.</span>
*我 <em>有</em> 看到 他们 吵架 。<span class="trans">I saw them fighting.</span>
 
 
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== Action Verbs ==
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When 有 is put in front of action verbs in Taiwanese Mandarin, it can indicate that the verb is still continuing.
 
 
There are also verbs categorized as “action verbs.” In Taiwanese Mandarin, when 有 is put in front of these verbs, it actually indicates that the verb is still continuing.
 
 
 
=== Structure ===
 
 
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
Subj. + 有 + Verb-Obj.
 
</div>
 
 
 
=== Examples ===
 
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
*<em>有</em> 付钱 吗 ?<span class="trans">Has she paid? </span>
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*<em>有</em> 学 ,而且 很 喜欢 。<span class="pinyin"><em>yǒu</em> xué, érqiě hěn xǐhuan.</span><span class="trans">He's studying it and he likes it very much.</span>
*我 <em></em> 问 他 ,他 不 说 。<span class="trans">I asked him but he didn't tell.</span>
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*我 <em>有</em> ,但是 不太 饿 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yǒu</em> chī, dànshì bù tài è.</span><span class="trans">I am eating, but I'm not too hungry.</span>
*我 <em>有</em> 吃饭 ,但是 不太 饿 ,所以 吃 得 不多 。<span class="trans">I have eaten, but I didn't eat much because I wasn't very hungry.</span>
 
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== Adj. that follow with 到 ==
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== Adjectives after 有 ==
  
Adjectives can also follow 有. These adjectives are all in the past tense, with a 到 following the adjective.
+
Adjectives can also follow 有. This pattern is used for statement about the past, and a 到 must follow the adjectives.
  
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
*昨天 搬家 ,真的 <em>有</em> 累 <strong>到</strong> 。<span class="trans">The first time I exercised so much, I was so tired.</span>
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*昨天 搬家 ,真的 <em>有</em> 累 <strong>到</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Zuótiān bānjiā, zhēn de <em>yǒu</em> lèi <strong>dào</strong>.</span><span class="trans">I was moving yesterday and I was so tired.</span>
*他 突然 要 分手 ,我 真的 <em>有</em> 伤 <strong>到</strong> 。<span class="trans">He asked to break up out of nowhere. I was so hurt.</span>
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*他 突然 要 分手 ,我 真的 <em>有</em> 伤 <strong>到</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Tā tūrán yào fēnshǒu, wǒ zhēn de <em>yǒu</em> shāng <strong>dào</strong>.</span><span class="trans">He asked to break up out of nowhere. I was so hurt.</span>
*你们 突然 大叫 着 跑 出来 ,我 真的 <em>有</em> 吓 <strong>到</strong> !<span class="trans">You guys suddenly came running out screaming loudly. I was so scared!</span>
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*你们 突然 大叫 着 跑 出来 ,我 真的 <em>有</em> 吓 <strong>到</strong> !<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen tūrán dà jiàozhe pǎo chūlai, wǒ zhēn de <em>yǒu</em> xià <strong>dào</strong>!</span><span class="trans">You guys suddenly came running out screaming loudly. I was so scared!</span>
*这 家 店 今天 全场 打 一 折,我 买 了 好 多 ,<em></em> <strong></strong> !<span class="trans">Everything in this store is 90% off today. I bought a lot. It was so cheap!</span>
 
*你 买 了 那么 多 二手 家具 ,<em>有</em> 省 <strong>到</strong> 吗 ?<span class="trans">You bought so many second-hand furniture. Does it save you a lot of money? </span>
 
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
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== Adj. not in the past tense using 有 ==
 
== Adj. not in the past tense using 有 ==
  
Some adjectives can follow 有 and are not used as the past tense.  
+
Some adjectives can follow 有 when not referring to past events.  
  
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
 
Subj. + 有 + Adj.
 
Subj. + 有 + Adj.
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* 你 跟 你 妈妈 <em>有</em> 像 耶 !<span class="trans">You and your mom look alike! </span>
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*大家 都 <em>有</em> 激动 。<span class="pinyin">Dàjiā dōu <em>yǒu</em> jīdòng.</span><span class="trans">Everyone is excited.</span>
* 他 真的 <em></em> 生气 。<span class="trans">He was really angry.</span>
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*我 <em>有</em> 紧张 吗 ?<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yǒu</em> jǐnzhāng ma?</span><span class="trans">Do I look like I'm nervous?</span>
* 我 <em>有</em> 紧张 吗 ?<span class="trans">Was I nervous? </span>
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*你 说话 <em>有</em> 不 礼貌 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ shuōhuà <em>yǒu</em> bù lǐmào.</span><span class="trans">The way you speak is impolite.</span>
* 她 当然 <em>有</em> 失望,你 又 忘了 她 的 生日 !<span class="trans">Of course she was disappointed. You forgot her birthday again! </span>
 
* 你 那么 大声 说话,我们 都 <em></em> 害怕 。<span class="trans">We were all scared when you shout at us.</span>
 
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== 过 after the verb ==
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== Used with Verb + 过 ==
  
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
*我 <em>有</em> 去 <strong>过</strong> 中国 。<span class="trans">I have been to China.</span>
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*我 <em>有</em> 去 <strong>过</strong> 中国 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yǒu</em> qù <strong>guò</strong> Zhōngguó.</span><span class="trans">I have been to China.</span>
*我 <em>有</em> 学 <strong>过</strong> 这 个 词 。<span class="trans">I have studied this word.</span>
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*我 <em>有</em> 学 <strong>过</strong> 这 个 词 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yǒu</em> xué <strong>guò</strong> zhège cí.</span><span class="trans">I have studied this word.</span>
*你 <em>有</em> 见 <strong>过</strong> 那 个 人 吗?<span class="trans">Have you seen that person before?</span>
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*你 <em>有</em> 见 <strong>过</strong> 那 个 人 吗?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>yǒu</em> jiàn <strong>guò</strong> nàge rén ma?</span><span class="trans">Have you seen that person before?</span>
*你 <em>有</em> 自己 做 <strong>过</strong> 饭 吗 ?<span class="trans">Have you ever cooked for yourself?</span>
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*你 <em>有</em> 自己 做 <strong>过</strong> 饭 吗 ?<span class="pinyin"><em>yǒu</em> zìjǐ zuò <strong>guò</strong> fàn ma?</span><span class="trans">Have you ever cooked for yourself?</span>
*你 <em></em> <strong></strong> 这 个 电影 吗 ?<span class="trans">Have you seen this movie?</span>
 
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
 
  
 
== 在 after 有 ==
 
== 在 after 有 ==
  
In Standard Mandarin, using 在 before a verb is the equivalent to the English –ing. When used with 有 in front of it, it is usually referring to habitual action, or an action that can be stopped. This is not in the past tense, but rather a continuing action.  
+
In Standard Mandarin, using 在 before a verb is similar to adding -ing after a verb in English. When used with 有 in front of it, it is usually referring to habitual action, or an action that can be stopped. This is not referring to the past, but rather a continuing action.  
  
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
*那 时候 你 <em>有</em> <strong>在</strong> 工作 吗?<span class="trans">At that time, were you working? </span>
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*你 <em>有</em> <strong>在</strong> 做 兼职 吗?<span class="pinyin"><em>yǒu</em> <strong>zài</strong> zuò jiānzhí ma?</span><span class="trans">Are you doing a part time job?</span>
*这家 店 <em></em> <strong></strong> 卖 小孩子的 衣服 吗?<span class="trans">Is this store selling children’s clothes?</span>
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*我 <em>有</em> <strong>在</strong> 考虑 跟 她 分手 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yǒu</em> <strong>zài</strong> kǎolǜ gēn tā fēnshǒu.</span><span class="trans">I am considering breaking up with her.</span>
*我 <em>有</em> <strong>在</strong> 考虑 跟 她 分手 。<span class="trans">I am considering breaking up with her.</span>
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*我 妈妈 <em>有</em> <strong>在</strong> 吃素 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ māma <em>yǒu</em> <strong>zài</strong> chīsù.</span><span class="trans">My mom eats vegetarian.</span>
*我 妈妈 <em>有</em> <strong>在</strong> 吃素 。<span class="trans"> My mom is a vegetarian.</span>
 
*你的 学生 <em></em> <strong></strong> 写 日记 吗?<span class="trans"> Do your students write diaries? </span>
 
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
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{{Used for|Referring to the past}}
 
{{Used for|Referring to the past}}
 
{{Used for|Referring to past experiences}}
 
{{Used for|Referring to past experiences}}
[[Category:B2 grammar points]]
 
 
[[Category:Taiwanese Mandarin]]
 
[[Category:Taiwanese Mandarin]]
{{Basic Grammar|有|B2|有 + Verb + 过|我 <em>有</em> 去 过 中国。|grammar point|ASGY2D79}}
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{{Basic Grammar|有||有 + Verb + 过|我 <em>有</em> 去 过 中国。|grammar point|ASGY2D79}}
 
{{Rel char|过}}
 
{{Rel char|过}}
 
{{Similar|Expressing experiences with "guo"}}
 
{{Similar|Expressing experiences with "guo"}}
 
{{Translation|have}}
 
{{Translation|have}}
 
{{POS|Particles}}
 
{{POS|Particles}}

Latest revision as of 02:07, 18 December 2020

Taiwanese Mandarin differs slightly from Mainland Mandarin. (Don't be surprised if a Beijinger tells you these patterns are 100% wrong.) A characteristic of Taiwanese Mandarin is the extensive usage of 有 as in the examples that follow.

NOTE: we're talking about regional usage of Mandarin Chinese here, not other Taiwanese dialects/topolects. It's good for upper intermediate learners to know about these patterns simply because at this level you don't want to be confused by the basic grammar of a Taiwanese speaker's Mandarin.

Basic Usage

Some verbs, especially when followed by certain complements, indicate completeness. When 有 is used with these verbs, it's a clear reference to the past.

Structure

Subj. + 有 + [Verb Phrase]

Examples

  • 我们 听懂 你 的 话 。Wǒmen yǒu tīng dǒng nǐ dehuà.We understood what you said.
  • 我们 都 听到 宝宝 哭 。Wǒmen dōu yǒu tīng dào bǎobao kū.We all heard the baby cry.
  • 看到 他们 吵架 。yǒu kàn dào tāmen chǎojià.I saw them fighting.

When 有 is put in front of action verbs in Taiwanese Mandarin, it can indicate that the verb is still continuing.

  • 学 ,而且 很 喜欢 。yǒu xué, érqiě hěn xǐhuan.He's studying it and he likes it very much.
  • 吃 ,但是 不太 饿 。yǒu chī, dànshì bù tài è.I am eating, but I'm not too hungry.

Adjectives after 有

Adjectives can also follow 有. This pattern is used for statement about the past, and a 到 must follow the adjectives.

Structure

Subj. + 有 + Adj. + 到

Examples

  • 昨天 搬家 ,真的 Zuótiān bānjiā, zhēn de yǒu lèi dào.I was moving yesterday and I was so tired.
  • 他 突然 要 分手 ,我 真的 Tā tūrán yào fēnshǒu, wǒ zhēn de yǒu shāng dào.He asked to break up out of nowhere. I was so hurt.
  • 你们 突然 大叫 着 跑 出来 ,我 真的 Nǐmen tūrán dà jiàozhe pǎo chūlai, wǒ zhēn de yǒu xià dào!You guys suddenly came running out screaming loudly. I was so scared!

Adj. not in the past tense using 有

Some adjectives can follow 有 when not referring to past events.

Structure

Subj. + 有 + Adj.

Examples

  • 大家 都 激动 。Dàjiā dōu yǒu jīdòng.Everyone is excited.
  • 紧张 吗 ?yǒu jǐnzhāng ma?Do I look like I'm nervous?
  • 你 说话 不 礼貌 。Nǐ shuōhuà yǒu bù lǐmào.The way you speak is impolite.

Used with Verb + 过

Structure

Subj. + 有 + Verb + 过 + Obj.

Examples

  • 中国 。yǒuguò Zhōngguó.I have been to China.
  • 这 个 词 。yǒu xué guò zhège cí.I have studied this word.
  • 那 个 人 吗?yǒu jiàn guò nàge rén ma?Have you seen that person before?
  • 自己 做 饭 吗 ?yǒu zìjǐ zuò guò fàn ma?Have you ever cooked for yourself?

在 after 有

In Standard Mandarin, using 在 before a verb is similar to adding -ing after a verb in English. When used with 有 in front of it, it is usually referring to habitual action, or an action that can be stopped. This is not referring to the past, but rather a continuing action.

Structure

Subj. + 有 + 在 + Verb

Examples

  • 做 兼职 吗?yǒu zài zuò jiānzhí ma?Are you doing a part time job?
  • 考虑 跟 她 分手 。yǒu zài kǎolǜ gēn tā fēnshǒu.I am considering breaking up with her.
  • 我 妈妈 吃素 。Wǒ māma yǒu zài chīsù.My mom eats vegetarian.

Sources and further reading

Books

Websites

:INVALID"INVALID" is not in the list (HSK0, HSK1, HSK2, HSK3, HSK4, HSK5, HSK6) of allowed values for the "HSK" property.