Difference between revisions of "Expressing "and also" with "hai""

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{{Grammar Box}}  
 
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In English we use, "and also" when we want to connect different actions. We can do the same thing in Chinese by using 还 (hái). Another common way to express "also" is with the word 也 (yě).  In the following examples on this page, hái and yě are interchangeable, but be careful, because the two words cannot be substituted for each other in many cases (e.g., yě as [[The "also" adverb]]).
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In English we use "and also" when we want to connect separate and different thoughts. We can do the same thing in Chinese by using 还 (hái).  
  
 
== Structure ==
 
== Structure ==
  
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The adverb 还 (hái) can be used to link two phrases together, in a similar way to "and also" in English. In this case, 还 (hái) begins a new phrase or clause. Note that in this structure, ONE subject is doing TWO different things, whereas when yě is used as [[The "also" adverb]], TWO subjects are doing ONE thing.  
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The adverb 还 (hái) can be used to link two phrases together, in a similar way to "and also" in English. In this case, 还 (hái) begins a new phrase or clause.
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
  
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Subject + Verb + Object 1， 还 + Verb + Object 2
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Subj. + Verb + Obj. 1， 还 + Verb + Obj. 2
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
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* 我 有 iPhone，  <em>还 </em> 有 iPad。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ yǒu iPhone, <em>hái </em> yǒu iPad.</span><span class="trans">I have an iPhone, I also have an iPad.</span>
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*她 有 一 个 弟弟，<em>还</em> 有 一 个 妹妹。<span class="pinyin">Tā yǒu yī gè dìdi, <em>hái</em> yǒu yī gè mèimei.</span><span class="trans">She has a younger brother and also has a younger sister.</span>
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* 我 会 说 中文，<em>还</em> 会 说 英文。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ huì shuō Zhōngwén,<em>hái </em> huì shuō Yīngwén.</span><span class="trans">I can speak Chinese, I can also speak English.</span>
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*我 老板 会 说 法语，<em>还</em> 会 说 日语。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ lǎobǎn huì shuō Fǎyǔ, <em>hái</em> huì shuō Rìyǔ.</span><span class="trans">My boss can speak French and can also speak Japanese.</span>
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* 我 想 吃 冰淇淋，<em>还</em> 想 吃 巧克力。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ xiǎng chī bīngqílín,<em>hái </em> xiǎng chī qiǎokèlì.</span><span class="trans">I want to eat ice cream, I also want to eat chocolate.</span>
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*你 要 一 杯 咖啡，<em>还</em> 要 什么？<span class="pinyin"> Nǐ yào yī bēi kāfēi, <em>hái</em> yào shénme?</span><span class="trans">You want a cup of coffee, and what else do you want?</span>
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* 我 要 一 杯 咖啡， <em>还</em> 要 一 个 蛋糕。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ yào yībēi kāfēi, <em>hái </em> yào yīgè dàngāo.</span><span class="trans">I want a cup of coffee, I also want cake. </span>
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*我 想 吃 冰淇淋，<em>还</em> 想 吃 汉堡。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ xiǎng chī bīngqílín, <em>hái</em> xiǎng chī hànbǎo.</span><span class="trans">I want to eat ice cream and I also want to eat a hamburger. </span>
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* 他 是 我 的 爸爸，<em>还</em> 是 我 的 朋友。<span class="pinyin">Tā shì wǒ de bàba,<em>hái </em> shì wǒ de péngyǒu.</span><span class="trans">He is my father, he is also my friend.</span>
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*爸爸 有 一个 小米 手机，<em>还</em> 有 一个 iPhone。<span class="pinyin">Bàba yǒu yī gè Xiǎomǐ shǒujī, <em>hái</em> yǒu yī gè iPhone.</span><span class="trans">Dad has a Xiaomi phone and also has an iPhone.</span>
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* 妈妈 做 了 四 个 菜，<em>还</em> 做 了 一 个 汤。<span class="pinyin">Māmā zuòle sì gè cài,<em>hái </em> zuòle yīgè tāng.</span><span class="trans">My mom made four dishes, she also made soup.</span>
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*你 晚上 在家 做 了 作业，<em>还</em> 做 了 什么？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ wǎnshang zài jiā zuò le zuòyè, <em>hái</em> zuò le shénme? </span><span class="trans">You did your homework at home tonight, and what else did you do? </span>
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* 我 买 了 肉，<em>还</em> 买 了 菜。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ mǎile ròu,<em>hái </em> mǎile cài.</span><span class="trans">I bought meat, I also bought vegetables.</span>
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*他 结婚 的 时候，请 了 同事，<em>还</em> 请 了 谁？<span class="pinyin">Tā jiéhūn de shíhou, qǐng le tóngshì, <em>hái</em> qǐng le shéi?</span><span class="trans">When he got married, he invited his co-workers. Who else did he invite?</span>
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* 我 想 去 北京，<em>还</em> 想 去 成都。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ xiǎng qù Běijīng,<em>hái </em> xiǎng qù Chéngdū.</span><span class="trans">I want to go to Beijing, I also want to go to Chengdu.</span>
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*生日 的 时候，我们 会 吃 蛋糕，<em>还</em> 要 送 礼物。<span class="pinyin">Shēngrì de shíhou, wǒmen huì chī dàngāo, <em>hái</em> yào sòng lǐwù.</span><span class="trans">During a birthday, we eat cake and also give presents.</span>
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* 我 喝 了 白酒，<em>还</em> 喝 了 啤酒。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ hēle báijiǔ,<em>hái </em> hēle píjiǔ.</span><span class="trans">I drank wine, I also drank beer.</span>
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*去 美国 要 带 钱、护照，<em>还</em> 要 带 什么？<span class="pinyin">Qù Měiguó yào dài qián, hùzhào, <em>hái</em> yào dài shénme?</span><span class="trans">To go to the USA, you need to take money and a passport. What else do you need to take with you?</span>
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* 我 喜欢 吃 苹果，<em>还</em> 喜欢 吃 香蕉。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ xǐhuān chī píngguǒ,<em>hái </em> xǐhuān chī xiāngjiāo.</span><span class="trans">I like apples, I also like bananas.</span>
 
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
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== See also ==
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== The Difference Between 还 (hái) and 也 (yě) ==
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It should be noted that another common way to express "also" is with the word 也 (yě).  What's the difference? With 还 (hái), ONE subject is doing TWO different things, whereas when [[The "also" adverb "ye"|也 (yě)]] is used, TWO subjects are doing ONE thing.
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It's the difference between these two English sentences:
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* He fixed dinner '''and also''' washed the dishes.
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* She washed the dishes '''too'''.
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If you translated these into Chinese, the first one (one subject, two actions) would use 还 (hái), and the second one (second subject, no new actions) would use 也 (yě). Let's do that!
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<div class="liju">
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* 他 做 了 饭 ， <em>还</em> 洗 了 碗。<span class="pinyin">Tā zuò le fàn, <em>hái</em> xǐ le wǎn.</span><span class="trans">He fixed dinner and also washed the dishes.</span>
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* 她 <em>也</em> 洗 了 碗。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>yě</em> xǐ le wǎn.</span><span class="trans">She washed the dishes too.</span>
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</div>
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How about a few more similar examples?
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<div class="liju">
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* 我 洗 了 澡， <em>还</em> 洗 了 衣服。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ xǐ le zǎo, <em>hái</em> xǐ le yīfu.</span><span class="trans"> I took a shower and also did my laundry.</span>
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* 她 <em>也</em> 洗 了 衣服。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em> yě</em> xǐ le yīfu.</span><span class="trans">She did her laundry too.</span>
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</div>
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<div class="liju">
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* 我们 今天 晚上 出去 吃饭 了，<em>还</em> 看 了 电影 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen jīntiān wǎnshang chūqù chīfàn le, <em>hái</em> kàn le diànyǐng.</span><span class="trans">We went out for dinner tonight and also watched a movie.</span>
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* 他们 今天 晚上 <em>也</em> 看 了 电影 。 <span class="pinyin">Tāmen jīntiān wǎnshang <em>yě</em> kàn le diànyǐng.</span><span class="trans">They watched a movie tonight too.</span>
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</div>
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== See Also ==
  
 
*[[Continuation with "hai"]]
 
*[[Continuation with "hai"]]
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=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
  
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* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)]] (p. 87) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276385/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276385 →buy]
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{{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)|87}}
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* [[Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide]] (p. 251) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415700108?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0415700108 →buy]
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{{Source|Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide|251}}
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* [[Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)]] (p. 198) [http://www.amazon.cn/gp/product/B004WA6JSQ/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B004WA6JSQ →buy]
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{{Source|Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)|198}}
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*[[40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课上册）]] (p. 73)[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001FTL8D8/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=B001FTL8D8&linkCode=as2&tag=allset-20 →buy]
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{{Source|40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课上册）|73}}
  
 
[[Category:A2 grammar points]]
 
[[Category:A2 grammar points]]
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{{HSK|HSK2}}{{2021-HSK|HSK2}}
 
[[Category: Adverbs]]
 
[[Category: Adverbs]]
  
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{{Basic Grammar|还|A2|还 + V|我 会 中文，<em>还</em> 会 英文。|grammar point|ASGJBZKC}}
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{{Basic Grammar|还|A2|还 + Verb|她 有 一个 弟弟，<em>还</em> 有 一个 妹妹。|grammar point|ASGJBZKC}}
 
{{POS|Adverbs}}
 
{{POS|Adverbs}}
 
{{Used for|Giving alternatives}}
 
{{Used for|Giving alternatives}}
 
{{Used for|Connecting ideas}}
 
{{Used for|Connecting ideas}}
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{{Similar|The "also" adverb "ye"}}
 
{{Similar|Continuation with "hai"}}
 
{{Similar|Continuation with "hai"}}
 
{{Similar|Moderating positive adjectives with "hai"}}
 
{{Similar|Moderating positive adjectives with "hai"}}
 
{{Similar|Expressing "not only… but also"}}
 
{{Similar|Expressing "not only… but also"}}
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{{Similar|Expressing "except" and "in addition" with "chule… yiwai"}}
 
{{Similar|Expressing "in addition" with "haiyou"}}
 
{{Similar|Expressing "in addition" with "haiyou"}}
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{{Similar|"Using "budan... geng" to express "not only... but also"}}
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{{Similar|Advanced uses of "hai"}}
 
{{Translation|and}}
 
{{Translation|and}}
 
{{Translation|also}}
 
{{Translation|also}}

Latest revision as of 08:56, 21 April 2021

In English we use "and also" when we want to connect separate and different thoughts. We can do the same thing in Chinese by using 还 (hái).

Structure

The adverb 还 (hái) can be used to link two phrases together, in a similar way to "and also" in English. In this case, 还 (hái) begins a new phrase or clause.

Subj. + Verb + Obj. 1， 还 + Verb + Obj. 2

Examples

  • 她 有 一 个 弟弟，还 有 一 个 妹妹。Tā yǒu yī gè dìdi, hái yǒu yī gè mèimei.She has a younger brother and also has a younger sister.
  • 我 老板 会 说 法语，还 会 说 日语。Wǒ lǎobǎn huì shuō Fǎyǔ, hái huì shuō Rìyǔ.My boss can speak French and can also speak Japanese.
  • 你 要 一 杯 咖啡，还 要 什么？ Nǐ yào yī bēi kāfēi, hái yào shénme?You want a cup of coffee, and what else do you want?
  • 我 想 吃 冰淇淋，还 想 吃 汉堡。Wǒ xiǎng chī bīngqílín, hái xiǎng chī hànbǎo.I want to eat ice cream and I also want to eat a hamburger.
  • 爸爸 有 一个 小米 手机，还 有 一个 iPhone。Bàba yǒu yī gè Xiǎomǐ shǒujī, hái yǒu yī gè iPhone.Dad has a Xiaomi phone and also has an iPhone.
  • 你 晚上 在家 做 了 作业，还 做 了 什么？Nǐ wǎnshang zài jiā zuò le zuòyè, hái zuò le shénme? You did your homework at home tonight, and what else did you do?
  • 他 结婚 的 时候，请 了 同事，还 请 了 谁？Tā jiéhūn de shíhou, qǐng le tóngshì, hái qǐng le shéi?When he got married, he invited his co-workers. Who else did he invite?
  • 生日 的 时候，我们 会 吃 蛋糕，还 要 送 礼物。Shēngrì de shíhou, wǒmen huì chī dàngāo, hái yào sòng lǐwù.During a birthday, we eat cake and also give presents.
  • 去 美国 要 带 钱、护照，还 要 带 什么？Qù Měiguó yào dài qián, hùzhào, hái yào dài shénme?To go to the USA, you need to take money and a passport. What else do you need to take with you?

The Difference Between 还 (hái) and 也 (yě)

It should be noted that another common way to express "also" is with the word 也 (yě). What's the difference? With 还 (hái), ONE subject is doing TWO different things, whereas when 也 (yě) is used, TWO subjects are doing ONE thing.

It's the difference between these two English sentences:

  • He fixed dinner and also washed the dishes.
  • She washed the dishes too.

If you translated these into Chinese, the first one (one subject, two actions) would use 还 (hái), and the second one (second subject, no new actions) would use 也 (yě). Let's do that!

  • 他 做 了 饭 ， 还 洗 了 碗。Tā zuò le fàn, hái xǐ le wǎn.He fixed dinner and also washed the dishes.
  • 她 也 洗 了 碗。Tā yě xǐ le wǎn.She washed the dishes too.

How about a few more similar examples?

  • 我 洗 了 澡， 还 洗 了 衣服。Wǒ xǐ le zǎo, hái xǐ le yīfu. I took a shower and also did my laundry.
  • 她 也 洗 了 衣服。Tā yě xǐ le yīfu.She did her laundry too.
  • 我们 今天 晚上 出去 吃饭 了，还 看 了 电影 。Wǒmen jīntiān wǎnshang chūqù chīfàn le, hái kàn le diànyǐng.We went out for dinner tonight and also watched a movie.
  • 他们 今天 晚上 也 看 了 电影 。 Tāmen jīntiān wǎnshang yě kàn le diànyǐng.They watched a movie tonight too.

See Also

Sources and further reading

Books

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