Difference between revisions of "Result complement "-xiaqu""
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{{Grammar Box}} | {{Grammar Box}} | ||
| − | 下去 (xiàqù) | + | 下去 (xiàqù) can be used as a [[result complement]] to talk about things ''continuing'' or ''carrying on''. Think of it as a figurative way of "keeping the ball rolling" (downhill). |
| − | == | + | == Affirmative Form == |
| − | + | Structure-wise, this pattern is the same as other [[result complement]]s. | |
| − | + | === Structure === | |
<div class="jiegou"> | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| + | Subj. + Verb + 下去 | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Examples === | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | + | *<strong>说</strong> <em>下去</em> 。<span class="pinyin"><strong>Shuō</strong> <em>xiàqù</em>.</span><span class="trans">Keep talking.</span> | |
| + | *这 本 书 你 一定 要 认真 地 <strong>看</strong> <em>下去</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Zhè běn shū nǐ yīdìng yào rènzhēn de <strong>kàn</strong> <em>xiàqù</em>.</span><span class="trans">You must keep reading this book carefully.</span> | ||
| + | *这样 做 很 有 意义 ，你 应该 <strong>做</strong> <em>下去</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Zhèyàng zuò hěn yǒu yìyì, nǐ yīnggāi <strong>zuò</strong> <em>xiàqù</em>.</span><span class="trans">It's very meaningful to do this. You should keep doing it.</span> | ||
| + | *他 走 了 ，因为 他 没脸 <strong>待</strong> <em>下去</em> 了 。<span class="pinyin">Tā zǒu le, yīnwèi tā méiliǎn <strong>dāi</strong> <em>xiàqù</em> le.</span><span class="trans">He left because he felt shame if he stayed.</span> | ||
| + | *你 不能 这样 <strong>生活</strong> <em>下去</em> 了 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ bù néng zhèyàng <strong>shēnghuó</strong> <em>xiàqù</em> le.</span><span class="trans">You can't keep living like this.</span> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Negative Form == | ||
| + | |||
| + | Strictly speaking, simply adding 不 in front of the main verb is all it takes to create the negative form. But it's actually more common to use this negative [[potential complement]] form. So it's not just "not go on" (doing something), but actually "''can't'' go on" (doing something). | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Structure === | ||
<div class="jiegou"> | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| + | Subj. + Verb + 不 + 下去 (+ 了) | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Note that 了 is often used when it's negated. | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Examples === | ||
| − | + | <div class="liju"> | |
| + | |||
| + | *这个 故事 太 无聊 了 ，我 听 <em>不 下去</em> <strong>了</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Zhège gùshi tài wúliáo le, wǒ tīng <em>bu xiàqù</em> <strong>le</strong>.</span><span class="trans">This story is too boring, I can't keep listening.</span> | ||
| + | *这个 电影 太 暴力 了 ，我 看 <em>不 下去</em> <strong>了</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Zhège diànyǐng tài bàolì le, wǒ kàn <em>bu xiàqù</em> <strong>le</strong>.</span><span class="trans">This movie is too violent. I can't keep watching it.</span> | ||
| + | *你 说话 太 恶心 了 ，我 吃 <em>不 下去</em> <strong>了</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ shuōhuà tài ěxīn le, wǒ chī <em>bu xiàqù</em> <strong>le</strong>.</span><span class="trans">The way you talk is so disgusting. I can't continue eating my food.</span> | ||
| + | *这个 宾馆 太 脏 了 ，我 待 <em>不 下去</em> <strong>了</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Zhège bīnguǎn tài zāng le, wǒ dāi <em>bu xiàqù</em> <strong>le</strong>.</span><span class="trans">This hotel is too dirty. I can't stay here any longer.</span> | ||
| + | *我 跟 他 过 <em>不 下去</em> <strong>了</strong> ，我 要 离婚 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ gēn tā guò <em>bu xiàqù</em> <strong>le</strong>, wǒ yào líhūn.</span><span class="trans">I can't go on like this with him. I want a divorce.</span> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | + | == Used with 再 == | |
| + | |||
| + | When the adverb [[再]] comes before the verb, there's an implication that if "things keep going on this way," then something bad is going to happen. | ||
| + | |||
| + | A few examples: | ||
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | * | + | *你 <strong>再</strong> 赌 <em>下去</em> <strong>会</strong> 输光 的 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <strong>zài</strong> dǔ <em>xiàqù</em> <strong>huì</strong> shūguāng de.</span><span class="trans">If you keep gambling, you're going to lose all your money.</span> |
| − | * | + | *你 <strong>再</strong> 喝 <em>下去</em> <strong>就</strong> 醉 了 。 <span class="pinyin">Nǐ <strong>zài</strong> hē <em>xiàqù</em> <strong>jiù</strong> zuì le.</span><span class="trans">If you keep drinking you're going to get drunk.</span> |
| − | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | ==See also== | + | == See also == |
* [[Potential complement "bu xia"]] | * [[Potential complement "bu xia"]] | ||
| Line 42: | Line 73: | ||
=== Books === | === Books === | ||
| − | + | {{Source|New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)|184}} | |
| − | + | {{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)|232-3}} | |
| − | + | {{Source|Boya Chinese Lower Intermediate 2 (博雅汉语准中级加速篇)|137}} | |
| − | + | {{Source|New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)|184}} | |
| − | + | {{Source|40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课下册）|429}} | |
[[Category:B1 grammar points]] | [[Category:B1 grammar points]] | ||
| + | {{HSK|HSK3}} | ||
[[Category:Result complement]] | [[Category:Result complement]] | ||
| − | {{Basic Grammar|下去|B1| | + | {{Basic Grammar|下去|B1|Verb + 下去|这个 故事 太 无聊 了 ，我 听 <em>不 下去</em> <strong>了</strong> 。|grammar point|ASG1PTJX}} |
{{Rel char|下}} | {{Rel char|下}} | ||
{{Rel char|去}} | {{Rel char|去}} | ||
Latest revision as of 07:56, 22 April 2019
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Keywords
下去 (xiàqù) can be used as a result complement to talk about things continuing or carrying on. Think of it as a figurative way of "keeping the ball rolling" (downhill).
Contents
Affirmative Form
Structure-wise, this pattern is the same as other result complements.
Structure
Subj. + Verb + 下去
Examples
- 说 下去 。Keep talking.
- 这 本 书 你 一定 要 认真 地 看 下去 。You must keep reading this book carefully.
- 这样 做 很 有 意义 ，你 应该 做 下去 。It's very meaningful to do this. You should keep doing it.
- 他 走 了 ，因为 他 没脸 待 下去 了 。He left because he felt shame if he stayed.
- 你 不能 这样 生活 下去 了 。You can't keep living like this.
Negative Form
Strictly speaking, simply adding 不 in front of the main verb is all it takes to create the negative form. But it's actually more common to use this negative potential complement form. So it's not just "not go on" (doing something), but actually "can't go on" (doing something).
Structure
Subj. + Verb + 不 + 下去 (+ 了)
Note that 了 is often used when it's negated.
Examples
- 这个 故事 太 无聊 了 ，我 听 不 下去 了 。This story is too boring, I can't keep listening.
- 这个 电影 太 暴力 了 ，我 看 不 下去 了 。This movie is too violent. I can't keep watching it.
- 你 说话 太 恶心 了 ，我 吃 不 下去 了 。The way you talk is so disgusting. I can't continue eating my food.
- 这个 宾馆 太 脏 了 ，我 待 不 下去 了 。This hotel is too dirty. I can't stay here any longer.
- 我 跟 他 过 不 下去 了 ，我 要 离婚 。I can't go on like this with him. I want a divorce.
Used with 再
When the adverb 再 comes before the verb, there's an implication that if "things keep going on this way," then something bad is going to happen.
A few examples:
- 你 再 赌 下去 会 输光 的 。If you keep gambling, you're going to lose all your money.
- 你 再 喝 下去 就 醉 了 。 If you keep drinking you're going to get drunk.
See also
- Potential complement "bu xia"
- Result complement "-qilai" (起来)
- Resultative Complement "chu(lai)"(出来)
- Direction complement
Sources and further reading
Books
- New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3) (pp. 184) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed) (pp. 232-3) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- Boya Chinese Lower Intermediate 2 (博雅汉语准中级加速篇) (pp. 137) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3) (pp. 184) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- 40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课下册） (pp. 429) [ →buy]
