Difference between revisions of "Taiwanese "you""

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Taiwanese Mandarin differs slightly from Mainland Mandarin. (Don't be surprised if a Beijinger tells you these patterns are 100% ''wrong''.) A characteristic of Taiwanese Mandarin is the extensive usage of 有 as in the examples that follow.
  
== Completed Verbs ==
+
NOTE: we're talking about ''regional usage'' of ''Mandarin Chinese'' here, not other Taiwanese dialects/topolects. It's good for upper intermediate learners to know about these patterns simply because at this level you don't want to be confused by the basic grammar of a Taiwanese speaker's Mandarin.
  
In the Chinese language, there are verbs called “completed verbs.” These verbs are usually followed by a compliment, as they are not verbs that are ongoing. This is referring to the past tense.
+
== Basic Usage ==
  
<div class="jiegou">
+
Some verbs, especially when followed by certain complements, indicate completeness. When 有 is used with these verbs, it's a clear reference to the past.
  
Subject + 有 + Completed Verb + Object
+
=== Structure ===
  
 +
<div class="jiegou">
 +
Subj. + 有 + [Verb Phrase]
 
</div>
 
</div>
 +
 +
=== Examples ===
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
 
+
*我们 <em>有</em> 听懂 你 的 话 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <em>yǒu</em> tīng dǒng nǐ dehuà.</span><span class="trans">We understood what you said.</span>
* <em>有</em> 说 错 这 句 话 。<span class="trans">You said this sentence wrong.</span>
+
*我们 都 <em>有</em> 听到 宝宝 哭 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen dōu <em>yǒu</em> tīng dào bǎobao kū.</span><span class="trans">We all heard the baby cry.</span>
* 老板 <em>有</em> 学 会  上海话 。<span class="trans">The boss studied the Shanghai dialect.</span>
+
*我 <em>有</em> 看到 他们 吵架 。<span class="pinyin"><em>yǒu</em> kàn dào tāmen chǎojià.</span><span class="trans">I saw them fighting.</span>
* 我们 <em></em> 听 懂 你的 话 。<span class="trans">I understood what you said.</span>
 
* 我 <em>有</em> 看到 她 跟 你 前男友 在 一起。<span class="trans">I saw her and your ex-boyfriend together.</span>
 
* 我们 都<em></em> 听到 宝宝 哭。<span class="trans">We all heard the baby cry. </span>
 
 
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== Action verbs ==
+
When 有 is put in front of action verbs in Taiwanese Mandarin, it can indicate that the verb is still continuing.
  
There are also verbs categorized as “action verbs.” In Taiwanese Mandarin, when 有 is put in front of these verbs, it actually indicates that the verb is still continuing.
+
<div class="liju">
  
<div class="jiegou">
+
*他 <em>有</em> 学 ,而且 很 喜欢 。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>yǒu</em> xué, érqiě hěn xǐhuan.</span><span class="trans">He's studying it and he likes it very much.</span>
 
+
*我 <em></em> 吃 ,但是 不太 饿 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yǒu</em> chī, dànshì bù tài è.</span><span class="trans">I am eating, but I'm not too hungry.</span>
Subject + + Action Verb + Object
 
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
<div class="liju">
+
== Adjectives after 有 ==
 
 
* 我 <em>有</em> 吃 药,可是 感冒 还是 美好 。<span class="trans">I have taken medicine, but my cold hasn’t gotten better. </span>
 
* 他 <em>有</em> 告诉 我 你的 电话 号码 。<span class="trans">He has told me your phone number. </span>
 
* 我 <em></em> 考虑 你 提的 建议。<span class="trans">I have considered the suggestion you proposed.  </span>
 
* 她 <em>有</em> 拿 你的 钱 吗?<span class="trans">Has she taken your money? </span>
 
 
 
</div>
 
  
== Adj. that follow 有 ==
+
Adjectives can also follow 有. This pattern is used for statement about the past, and a 到 must follow the adjectives.
  
Adjectives can also follow 有. These adjectives are all in the past tense, with a 到 following the adjective.
+
=== Structure ===
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
 +
Subj. + 有 + Adj. + 到
 +
</div>
  
Subject + 有 + Adj. + 到
+
=== Examples ===
 
 
</div>
 
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* 第一次 做 这么 多 运动,真的 <em>有</em> 累 到 。<span class="trans">The first time I exercised so much, I was so tired. </span>
+
*昨天 搬家 ,真的 <em>有</em> 累 <strong></strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Zuótiān bānjiā, zhēn de <em>yǒu</em> lèi <strong>dào</strong>.</span><span class="trans">I was moving yesterday and I was so tired.</span>
* 他 突然 提出 跟 我 分手,我 真的 <em></em> 伤 到 。<span class="trans">The first time I exercised so much, I was so tired. </span>
+
*他 突然 要 分手 ,我 真的 <em>有</em> 伤 <strong>到</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Tā tūrán yào fēnshǒu, wǒ zhēn de <em>yǒu</em> shāng <strong>dào</strong>.</span><span class="trans">He asked to break up out of nowhere. I was so hurt.</span>
* 在 这里 可以 免费 吃,还 以 免费 住,<em>有</em> 爽 到!<span class="trans">The first time I exercised so much, I was so tired. </span>
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*你们 突然 大叫 着 跑 出来 ,我 真的 <em>有</em> 吓 <strong>到</strong> !<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen tūrán dà jiàozhe pǎo chūlai, wǒ zhēn de <em>yǒu</em> xià <strong>dào</strong>!</span><span class="trans">You guys suddenly came running out screaming loudly. I was so scared!</span>
* 结婚 前 你 在 二手 市场 买了 那么 多 家具,<em></em> 省 到 吗?<span class="trans">The first time I exercised so much, I was so tired. </span>
 
* 你们 突然 大叫着 跑出来,我 真的<em>有</em> 吓 到!<span class="trans">You guys suddenly came running out screaming loudly. I was so scared! </span>
 
* 今天 去 了 DisneyLand,真的 <em></em> 幸福 到 。<span class="trans">Today I went to Disney Land. I was really happy. </span>
 
* 这家 店 今天 全场 打一折,我 买了 好 多,<em>有</em> 赚 到。<span class="trans">Everything in this store is 90% off today. I bought a lot. It was so cheap. </span>
 
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== 了 after the verb ==
+
== Adj. not in the past tense using 有 ==
 +
 
 +
Some adjectives can follow 有 when not referring to past events.
  
When adding a 了after the verb, you’re stressing that the action is completed.
+
=== Structure ===
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
 +
Subj. + 有 + Adj.
 +
</div>
  
Subject + 有 + V + 了
+
=== Examples ===
 
 
</div>
 
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* 我 刚才 <em>有</em>上 厕所 了。<span class="trans">I just now finished using the restaurant. </span>
+
*大家 都 <em>有</em> 激动 。<span class="pinyin">Dàjiā dōu <em>yǒu</em> jīdòng.</span><span class="trans">Everyone is excited.</span>
* 他 <em></em> 吃 中饭 了 。<span class="trans">He finished eating lunch. </span>
+
*<em>有</em> 紧张 吗 ?<span class="pinyin"><em>yǒu</em> jǐnzhāng ma?</span><span class="trans">Do I look like I'm nervous?</span>
* 老板 早上<em>有</em> 喝 咖啡 了。<span class="trans">The boss drank coffee this morning. </span>
+
*你 说话 <em>有</em> 不 礼貌 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ shuōhuà <em>yǒu</em> bù lǐmào.</span><span class="trans">The way you speak is impolite.</span>
* 我 <em></em> 发 微信 给 你 了。<span class="trans">I already sent you a WeChat. </span>
 
* 我们 昨晚 <em>有</em> 吵架 了。<span class="trans">We fought last night. </span>
 
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== 过 after the verb ==
+
== Used with Verb + ==
 +
 
 +
=== Structure ===
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
  
Subject + 有 + Verb + 过 + Object
+
Subj. + 有 + Verb + 过 + Obj.
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
 +
 +
=== Examples ===
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* 我 <em>有</em> 去 <strong>过</strong> 中国。<span class="trans">I have been to China.</span>
+
*我 <em>有</em> 去 <strong>过</strong> 中国 。<span class="pinyin"><em>yǒu</em> <strong>guò</strong> Zhōngguó.</span><span class="trans">I have been to China.</span>
* 他 <em></em> <strong></strong> 小笼包。<span class="trans">He has eaten steamed dumplings.</span>
+
*<em>有</em> <strong>过</strong> 词 。<span class="pinyin"><em>yǒu</em> xué <strong>guò</strong> zhège cí.</span><span class="trans">I have studied this word.</span>
* <em>有</em> <strong>过</strong> 人 吗?<span class="trans">Have you seen that person before?</span>
+
*你 <em>有</em> <strong>过</strong> 那 个 人 吗?<span class="pinyin"><em>yǒu</em> jiàn <strong>guò</strong> nàge rén ma?</span><span class="trans">Have you seen that person before?</span>
* 我 <em></em> <strong></strong> 这样 的 工作。<span class="trans">I have done work like this before.</span>
+
*<em>有</em> 自己 做 <strong>过</strong> 饭 吗 ?<span class="pinyin"><em>yǒu</em> zìjǐ zuò <strong>guò</strong> fàn ma?</span><span class="trans">Have you ever cooked for yourself?</span>
* 你 <em>有</em> 自己 做 <strong>过</strong> 吗?<span class="trans">Have you ever cooked for yourself?</span>
 
* 你 <em></em> <strong></strong> 中文?<span class="trans">Have you ever studied Chinese?</span>
 
* 你 <em>有</em> 看 <strong>过</strong> 这 个 电影 吗?<span class="trans">Have you seen this movie?</span>
 
* <em>有</em> <strong>过</strong> 这 个 词。<span class="trans">I have studied this word.</span>
 
* 我 <em></em> <strong></strong> 电脑,我 会 用。<span class="trans">I have used a computer before, I can use it.</span>
 
* 我 <em>有</em> 买 <strong>过</strong> 这里 的 巧克力,不 好吃。<span class="trans">I have bought the chocolate here, it's not good.</span>
 
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
 +
== 在 after 有 ==
  
== 在 after 有 ==
+
In Standard Mandarin, using before a verb is similar to adding -ing after a verb in English. When used with in front of it, it is usually referring to habitual action, or an action that can be stopped. This is not referring to the past, but rather a continuing action.
  
In Standard Mandarin, using 在 before a verb is the equivalent to the English –ing. When used with 有 in front of it, it is usually referring to habitual action, or an action that can be stopped. This is not in the past tense, but rather a continuing action.
+
=== Structure ===
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
 +
Subj. + 有 + 在 + Verb
 +
</div>
  
Subject + 有 + 在 + V
+
=== Examples ===
 
 
</div>
 
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* 那 时候 你 <em>有</em> 在 工作 吗?<span class="trans">At that time, were you working? </span>
+
*你 <em>有</em> <strong>在</strong> 做 兼职 吗?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>yǒu</em> <strong>zài</strong> zuò jiānzhí ma?</span><span class="trans">Are you doing a part time job?</span>
* 这家 店 <em></em> 在 卖 小孩子的 衣服 吗?<span class="trans">Is this store selling children’s clothes?</span>
+
*我 <em>有</em> <strong>在</strong> 考虑 跟 她 分手 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yǒu</em> <strong>zài</strong> kǎolǜ gēn tā fēnshǒu.</span><span class="trans">I am considering breaking up with her.</span>
* 我 <em>有</em> 考虑 跟 她 分手 。<span class="trans">I am considering breaking up with her. </span>
+
*我 妈妈 <em>有</em> <strong>在</strong> 吃素 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ māma <em>yǒu</em> <strong>zài</strong> chīsù.</span><span class="trans">My mom eats vegetarian.</span>
* 我 妈妈 <em>有</em> 在 吃素 。<span class="trans"> My mom is a vegetarian. </span>
 
* 你的 学生 <em></em> 在 写 日记 吗?<span class="trans"> Do your students write diaries? </span>
 
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
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=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
  
* [[A Practical Chinese Grammar For Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法) ]] (p. 138) [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA →buy]
+
{{Source|A Practical Chinese Grammar For Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法)|}}
* [[Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition]] (pp. 59-60) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415372615/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0415372615 →buy]
+
{{Source|Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition|59-60}}
* [[Chinese Grammar Without Tears (简明汉语语法学习手册) ]] (pp. 73-4) [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp/ref=as_li_ss_tl?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B0041UGAJU&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B0041UGAJU →buy]
+
{{Source|Chinese Grammar Without Tears (简明汉语语法学习手册) |73-4}}
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)]] (pp. 83- 4) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276709/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276709 →buy]
+
{{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)|83- 4}}
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1]] (pp. 345-7) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276792/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276792 →buy]
+
{{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1|345-7}}
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2]] (pp. 49-51) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276881/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0887276881 →buy]
+
{{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2|49-51}}
* [[Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide]] (pp. 76-7, 230-2) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415700108?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0415700108 →buy]
+
{{Source|Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide|76-7, 230-2}}
* [[New Practical Chinese Reader 2 (新实用汉语课本2)]] (pp. 175-6) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561911297/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561911297 →buy]
+
{{Source|New Practical Chinese Reader 2 (新实用汉语课本2)|175-6}}
*[[40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课上册)]] (p. 188)[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001FTL8D8/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=B001FTL8D8&linkCode=as2&tag=allset-20 →buy]
+
{{Source|40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课上册)|188}}
  
 
=== Websites ===
 
=== Websites ===
  
* ChinesePod: [http://chinesepod.com/lessons/%E8%BF%87guo Qing Wen - 过(guo)] (free podcast content)
+
*ChinesePod: [http://chinesepod.com/lessons/%E8%BF%87guo Qing Wen - 过(guo)] (free podcast content)
 +
*[http://nccur.lib.nccu.edu.tw/bitstream/140.119/60384/1/101501.pdf]
  
 
{{Used for|Referring to the past}}
 
{{Used for|Referring to the past}}
 
{{Used for|Referring to past experiences}}
 
{{Used for|Referring to past experiences}}
[[Category:B2 grammar points]]
+
[[Category:Taiwanese Mandarin]]
{{Basic Grammar|有|B2|有 + Verb + 过|我 <em>有</em> 去 过 中国。|grammar point|ASGY2D79}}
+
{{Basic Grammar|有||有 + Verb + 过|我 <em>有</em> 去 过 中国。|grammar point|ASGY2D79}}
 
{{Rel char|过}}
 
{{Rel char|过}}
 
{{Similar|Expressing experiences with "guo"}}
 
{{Similar|Expressing experiences with "guo"}}
 
{{Translation|have}}
 
{{Translation|have}}
 
{{POS|Particles}}
 
{{POS|Particles}}

Latest revision as of 02:07, 18 December 2020

Taiwanese Mandarin differs slightly from Mainland Mandarin. (Don't be surprised if a Beijinger tells you these patterns are 100% wrong.) A characteristic of Taiwanese Mandarin is the extensive usage of 有 as in the examples that follow.

NOTE: we're talking about regional usage of Mandarin Chinese here, not other Taiwanese dialects/topolects. It's good for upper intermediate learners to know about these patterns simply because at this level you don't want to be confused by the basic grammar of a Taiwanese speaker's Mandarin.

Basic Usage

Some verbs, especially when followed by certain complements, indicate completeness. When 有 is used with these verbs, it's a clear reference to the past.

Structure

Subj. + 有 + [Verb Phrase]

Examples

  • 我们 听懂 你 的 话 。Wǒmen yǒu tīng dǒng nǐ dehuà.We understood what you said.
  • 我们 都 听到 宝宝 哭 。Wǒmen dōu yǒu tīng dào bǎobao kū.We all heard the baby cry.
  • 看到 他们 吵架 。yǒu kàn dào tāmen chǎojià.I saw them fighting.

When 有 is put in front of action verbs in Taiwanese Mandarin, it can indicate that the verb is still continuing.

  • 学 ,而且 很 喜欢 。yǒu xué, érqiě hěn xǐhuan.He's studying it and he likes it very much.
  • 吃 ,但是 不太 饿 。yǒu chī, dànshì bù tài è.I am eating, but I'm not too hungry.

Adjectives after 有

Adjectives can also follow 有. This pattern is used for statement about the past, and a 到 must follow the adjectives.

Structure

Subj. + 有 + Adj. + 到

Examples

  • 昨天 搬家 ,真的 Zuótiān bānjiā, zhēn de yǒu lèi dào.I was moving yesterday and I was so tired.
  • 他 突然 要 分手 ,我 真的 Tā tūrán yào fēnshǒu, wǒ zhēn de yǒu shāng dào.He asked to break up out of nowhere. I was so hurt.
  • 你们 突然 大叫 着 跑 出来 ,我 真的 Nǐmen tūrán dà jiàozhe pǎo chūlai, wǒ zhēn de yǒu xià dào!You guys suddenly came running out screaming loudly. I was so scared!

Adj. not in the past tense using 有

Some adjectives can follow 有 when not referring to past events.

Structure

Subj. + 有 + Adj.

Examples

  • 大家 都 激动 。Dàjiā dōu yǒu jīdòng.Everyone is excited.
  • 紧张 吗 ?yǒu jǐnzhāng ma?Do I look like I'm nervous?
  • 你 说话 不 礼貌 。Nǐ shuōhuà yǒu bù lǐmào.The way you speak is impolite.

Used with Verb + 过

Structure

Subj. + 有 + Verb + 过 + Obj.

Examples

  • 中国 。yǒuguò Zhōngguó.I have been to China.
  • 这 个 词 。yǒu xué guò zhège cí.I have studied this word.
  • 那 个 人 吗?yǒu jiàn guò nàge rén ma?Have you seen that person before?
  • 自己 做 饭 吗 ?yǒu zìjǐ zuò guò fàn ma?Have you ever cooked for yourself?

在 after 有

In Standard Mandarin, using 在 before a verb is similar to adding -ing after a verb in English. When used with 有 in front of it, it is usually referring to habitual action, or an action that can be stopped. This is not referring to the past, but rather a continuing action.

Structure

Subj. + 有 + 在 + Verb

Examples

  • 做 兼职 吗?yǒu zài zuò jiānzhí ma?Are you doing a part time job?
  • 考虑 跟 她 分手 。yǒu zài kǎolǜ gēn tā fēnshǒu.I am considering breaking up with her.
  • 我 妈妈 吃素 。Wǒ māma yǒu zài chīsù.My mom eats vegetarian.

Sources and further reading

Books

Websites

:INVALID"INVALID" is not in the list (HSK0, HSK1, HSK2, HSK3, HSK4, HSK5, HSK6) of allowed values for the "HSK" property.