Expressing "again" in the past with "you"

Whenever you want to express something that has happened again, as in, "you did it again!" in Chinese, you generally want to use 又 (yòu). (You'll want to use 再 (zài) for "again" in the future.)

Affirmative Form

Structure

Normally, 又 is used to express an action that has already happened again for (at least) the second time. It doesn't have to be in quick succession; it happened before, and now it's happened again.

(Subj. +) 又 + Verb + 了

Examples

• 又 下雨 了 ！Yòu xiàyǔ le!It rained again!
• 你 又 迟到 了 。Nǐ yòu chídào le.You're late again.
• 宝宝 又 哭 了 。Bǎobao yòu kū le.The baby is crying again.
• 我 又 忘 了 。Wǒ yòu wàng le.I forgot it again.

Negative Form

Structure

(Subj. +) 又 + 不 / 没 + Verb

Examples

• 他 又 没 来 上课 。Tā yòu méi lái shàngkè.He didn't come to class again.
• 你们 又 不 付钱 ？Nǐmen yòu bù fùqián?You don't pay? Again?
• 你 又 不 参加 ？Nǐ yòu bù cānjiā?You are not going to attend this? Again?
• 对不起 ，我 又 没 带 书 。Duìbuqǐ, wǒ yòu méi dài shū.Sorry, I forgot to bring the book again.

Colloquial Saying 又来了

又来了 fits the above pattern, but is also a little tricky because it expresses something that is still ongoing, and has already started as the speaker is speaking. Literally it says "here it comes again," but it's more accurate to translate it as "there it is again," or "there [he] goes again." It indicates that the speaker is a bit annoyed that it happened again.

Other Usage

When it becomes clear that something is about to happen again, you can also use 又. It's almost as if it has already happened in your mind. In these cases, it's quite common for 又 to be immediately followed by 是 (shì), 要 (yào), 可以 (kěyǐ), 能 (néng), and you'll notice that there's often a 了, indicating that something is about to happen.

Some examples:

• 今天 又 要 加班 了 ！Jīntiān yòu yào jiābān le!We're going to work late today. AGAIN!
• 老板 请客 ，又 可以 吃 大餐 了 ！Lǎobǎn qǐngkè, yòu kěyǐ chī dàcān le!The boss is going to treat us. We can have a big meal again!
• 快 过年 了 ，我们 又 能 拿 压岁钱 了 ！Kuài guònián le, wǒmen yòu néng ná yāsuìqián le!CNY is coming soon. We can get our new year money again!

See also

• "Both A and B" with "you"
• Comparing "zai" and "you"
• "Both… and…" with "ji...you"
• Advanced use of "you"
• Emphasizing negation with "you"
• Expressing "again" in the future with "zai"

Sources and further reading

Books

• Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed) (pp. 141-2) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
• Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1 (pp. 157) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
• Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2 (pp. 288) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
• New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3) (pp. 202) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
• 现代汉语八百词（增订本） (pp. 633) [ →buy]
• 现代汉语虚词例释 (pp. 588) 卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy

Dictionaries

• 现代汉语八百词（增订本） (pp. 633) [ →buy]
• 现代汉语虚词例释 (pp. 588) 卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy
• 现代汉语词典（第5版） (pp. 1656) 卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy

Websites

• Yale Chinese Usage Dictionary: Using 再 and 又