Difference between revisions of "Taiwanese "you""
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Taiwanese Mandarin differs slightly from Mainland Mandarin. A characteristic of Taiwanese Mandarin is the usage of 有. | Taiwanese Mandarin differs slightly from Mainland Mandarin. A characteristic of Taiwanese Mandarin is the usage of 有. | ||
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| − | In the Chinese language, there are verbs called | + | == Basic Usage == |
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| + | In the Chinese language, there are verbs called "completed verbs." These verbs are usually followed by a complement, as they are not verbs that are ongoing. This is referring to the past tense. | ||
=== Structure === | === Structure === | ||
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<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | *我们 <em>有</em> | + | *我们 <em>有</em> 听懂 你 的 话 。<span class="trans">We understood what you said.</span> |
*我们 都 <em>有</em> 听到 宝宝 哭 。<span class="trans">We all heard the baby cry.</span> | *我们 都 <em>有</em> 听到 宝宝 哭 。<span class="trans">We all heard the baby cry.</span> | ||
*我 <em>有</em> 看到 他们 吵架 。<span class="trans">I saw them fighting.</span> | *我 <em>有</em> 看到 他们 吵架 。<span class="trans">I saw them fighting.</span> | ||
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</div> | </div> | ||
| − | + | There are also verbs categorized as action verbs. In Taiwanese Mandarin, when 有 is put in front of these verbs, it actually indicates that the verb is still continuing. | |
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| − | There are also verbs categorized as | ||
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<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | * | + | *他 <em>有</em> 学 ，而且 很 喜欢 。<span class="trans">He's studying it and he likes it very mych.</span> |
| − | + | *我 <em>有</em> 吃 ，但是 不太 饿 。<span class="trans">I have eaten, but I didn't eat much.</span> | |
| − | *我 <em>有</em> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
Revision as of 10:17, 8 January 2018
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Taiwanese Mandarin differs slightly from Mainland Mandarin. A characteristic of Taiwanese Mandarin is the usage of 有.
Contents
Basic Usage
In the Chinese language, there are verbs called "completed verbs." These verbs are usually followed by a complement, as they are not verbs that are ongoing. This is referring to the past tense.
Structure
Subj. + 有 + [Verb Phrase]
Examples
- 我们 有 听懂 你 的 话 。We understood what you said.
- 我们 都 有 听到 宝宝 哭 。We all heard the baby cry.
- 我 有 看到 他们 吵架 。I saw them fighting.
There are also verbs categorized as action verbs. In Taiwanese Mandarin, when 有 is put in front of these verbs, it actually indicates that the verb is still continuing.
- 他 有 学 ，而且 很 喜欢 。He's studying it and he likes it very mych.
- 我 有 吃 ，但是 不太 饿 。I have eaten, but I didn't eat much.
Adjectives after 有
Adjectives can also follow 有. This pattern is used in the past tense, and a 到 must follow the adjectives.
Structure
Subj. + 有 + Adj. + 到
Examples
- 昨天 搬家 ，真的 有 累 到 。I was moving yesterday and I was so tired.
- 他 突然 要 分手 ，我 真的 有 伤 到 。He asked to break up out of nowhere. I was so hurt.
- 你们 突然 大叫 着 跑 出来 ，我 真的 有 吓 到 ！You guys suddenly came running out screaming loudly. I was so scared!
Adj. not in the past tense using 有
Some adjectives can follow 有 and are not used as the past tense.
Structure
Subj. + 有 + Adj.
Examples
- 大家 都 有 激动 。Everyone is excited.
- 我 有 紧张 吗 ？Do I look like I'm nervous?
- 你 说话 有 不 礼貌 。The way you speak is impolite.
过 after the verb
Structure
Subj. + 有 + Verb + 过 + Obj.
Examples
- 我 有 去 过 中国 。I have been to China.
- 我 有 学 过 这 个 词 。I have studied this word.
- 你 有 见 过 那 个 人 吗？Have you seen that person before?
- 你 有 自己 做 过 饭 吗 ？Have you ever cooked for yourself?
在 after 有
In Standard Mandarin, using 在 before a verb is the equivalent to the English –ing. When used with 有 in front of it, it is usually referring to habitual action, or an action that can be stopped. This is not in the past tense, but rather a continuing action.
Structure
Subj. + 有 + 在 + Verb
Examples
- 你 有 在 做 兼职 吗？Are you doing a part time job?
- 我 有 在 考虑 跟 她 分手 。I am considering breaking up with her.
- 我 妈妈 有 在 吃素 。My mom is now a vegetarian.
Sources and further reading
Books
- A Practical Chinese Grammar For Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition (pp. 59-60) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- Chinese Grammar Without Tears (简明汉语语法学习手册) (pp. 73-4) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed) (pp. 83- 4) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1 (pp. 345-7) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2 (pp. 49-51) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide (pp. 76-7, 230-2) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- New Practical Chinese Reader 2 (新实用汉语课本2) (pp. 175-6) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- 40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课上册） (pp. 188) [ →buy]
Websites
- ChinesePod: Qing Wen - 过(guo) (free podcast content)
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