Difference between revisions of "Main Page"

Latest revision as of 23:25, 4 September 2024

Both our B2 Kindle version and our B2 print version are available now!

Your practical, free, comprehensive online resource for Chinese grammar. 2,125 articles and growing! Jump to: A1, A2, B1, B2, C1. Or: HSK 1, HSK 2, and HSK 3.

Beginner-Friendly Grammar Points

A1 grammar points: Our list is designed especially for beginners, all difficult vocabulary and grammar banished to the later levels. Easy examples, each one with pinyin. Try clicking on one of the images below:

See the full list of 40 A1 grammar points...

Essential Elementary Grammar Points

A2 grammar points: So you've learned some basic grammar, but still need pinyin and want to build a stronger foundation? You've come to the right place! Check out some of the following pages:

See the full list of 99 A2 grammar points...

Accessible Intermediate Grammar Points

B1 grammar points: For when you're ready to really consolidate your grammar knowledge and fill in the gaps, but really don't want to slog through a grammar textbook. Our self-contained grammar points give you just the right amount to work on.

See the full list of 143 B1 grammar points...

Upgrading to Upper Intermediate

B2 grammar points: These aren't easy, and often involve more formal language or finer points of the more basic grammar points. It's getting hard to find explanations that really address your needs, but this is one place you can find them!

See the full list of 154 B2 grammar points...

Ready for the really advanced stuff?

Our C1 grammar points are still a work in progress (there are 69 so far), but if you'd like to help edit them, please get in touch.

Need Help with Pinyin?

All of our A1 and A2 grammar points have pinyin throughout, but if you want pinyin for all the Chinese characters in this wiki, you can do that using free browser plugins. Also try clicking on the little cog at the top right of any page to add spaces between characters.

Try it out with this: 你会中文吗？

Need Help with Chinese Word Order?

There's a lot of confusion out there about how similar Chinese word order and English worder really are. This video will set you straight:

For more details, please read our A1 article on basic sentence order.

Chinese Keywords

Certain Chinese words appear in lots of different grammar points. Get clear on how these words work in different ways by examining the keyword pages. Here are some examples to get you started:

There are about 400 Chinese keywords in the full list. Check it out.

English Translations

Sometimes it's useful to start with English words and look at the different ways those English words can be translated into Chinese. Here are some English words worth a closer look in translation:

There are about 100 English translation words in the full list. Check it out.

We've Got Your Textbooks and Grammar Books Covered

It's not yet time to throw out those textbooks! We all use the internet for everything now, but we see also the value in textbook grammar explanations and exercises, and are doing our best to link textbooks to our own Chinese Grammar Wiki content. To see how it works, click on one of the book covers below or try finding your own textbook in our list, and then seeing what it links to.

Purchasing a book on Amazon by clicking on the links within this website will also help to support the Chinese Grammar Wiki.

About AllSet Learning

AllSet Learning is a Shanghai-based learning consultancy dedicated to helping foreigners better learn Mandarin Chinese. This wiki is maintained by John Pasden and the rest of the team at AllSet Learning. While many of the company's services are only available to clients physically in Shanghai, this wiki is open to the public through a Creative Commons license.

You can also find us on Facebook, on Twitter, and on Google+.

All content on this wiki © AllSet Learning, and may not be reproduced without attributions or used for commercial purposes.

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-<!--        BANNER ACROSS TOP OF PAGE        -->
+<!-- SEO for main page -->{{#seo:keywords=chinese,chinese grammar,chinese grammar wiki,grammar wiki,grammar guide,learning chinese,learning chinese grammar,hanyu,hanyu grammar,china grammar,grammar,chinese wiki|description=A comprehensive, free resource for standard Chinese grammar, organized by difficulty and part of speech, with clear, practical examples of usage.}}
-{| id="mp-topbanner" style="width:100%; background:#f9f9f9; margin:1.2em 0 6px 0; border:1px solid #ddd;"
+<!-- [[File:GrammarWikiBookTrilogy.png|800px|link=https://amzn.to/36aB0iT]] -->[[File:4-Intermediate+Upper.jpg|800px|link=https://amzn.to/36aB0iT]]<br />
-| style="width:61%; color:#000;" |
+Both our [https://amzn.to/2WRsmAx '''B2 Kindle version'''] and our [https://amzn.to/3ctR1SR '''B2 print version'''] are available '''now'''!
-<!--        "WELCOME TO GRAMMAR WIKI" AND ARTICLE COUNT        -->
-{| style="width:280px; border:none; background:none;"
-| style="width:280px; text-align:center; white-space:nowrap; color:#000;" |
-<div style="font-size:162%; border:none; margin:0; padding:.1em; color:#000;">Welcome to the [[Main Page|AllSet Learning Chinese Grammar Wiki]],</div>
-<div style="top:+0.2em; font-size:95%;">the only comprehensive, free online resource for Chinese grammar.</div>
-<div id="articlecount" style="font-size:85%;">[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles and growing! If you'd like to contribute, [[Contact|please get in touch]].</div>
-|}
-<!--        PORTAL LIST ON RIGHT-HAND SIDE        -->
-| style="width:13%; font-size:95%;" |
-* [[Grammar by Word|Words]]
-* [[Grammar Structures|Structures]]
-* [[Grammar Functions|Functions]]
-| style="width:13%; font-size:95%;" |
-* [[Grammar Points by Level|Levels]]
-* [[Particles]]
-* [[Complements]]
-| style="width:13%; font-size:95%;" |
-* [[Le|That pesky 了]]
-* [[The Three de Particles|的, 得, and 地]]
-* ''And more...''
-|}
-<!--        FEATURED CONTENT        -->
+<span style="font-size:120%">Your practical, free, ''comprehensive'' online resource for Chinese grammar. '''[[Special:Statistics|{{NUMBEROFARTICLES}}]] articles''' and growing! '''Jump to: [[A1]], [[A2]], [[B1]], [[B2]], [[C1]].''' Or: [[HSK 1]], [[HSK 2]], and [[HSK 3]].</span>
-{| id="mp-upper" style="width: 100%; margin:4px 0 0 0; background:none; border-spacing: 0px;"
-<!--        LEFT / GREEN        -->
-| class="MainPageBG" style="width:50%; border:1px solid #cef2e0; background:#f5fffa; vertical-align:top; color:#000;" |
-{| id="mp-left" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; background:#f5fffa;"
-! style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-tfa-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cef2e0; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3bfb1; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Get Started</h2>
-|-
-| style="color:#000;" | <div id="mp-tfa" style="padding:2px 5px">
-This grammar wiki is designed to be browsable and user-friendly, accessible to beginners while still possessing the depth that more advanced users will find useful.  The best way to get started is to just jump right in and start clicking around.  Not everything is finished yet, but content is continually being added.  (If you'd like to contribute content, by all means, [[Contact|get in touch]]!)
-Note that this wiki does make extensive use of Chinese characters.  In order to save the time of the editors and direct it toward real content additions, we do not provide pinyin for characters.  We realize that this makes the content far less accessible to beginners, but there is a solution: '''students of Chinese should [[Tools|install free browser extensions]] to handle the character issue'''.  In this way, the burden is taken off of our editors' shoulders, and the wheel need not be reinvented with regards to this particular issue.
+==[[A1|Beginner-Friendly Grammar Points]]==
+'''[[A1 grammar points]]''': Our list is designed especially for '''beginners''', all difficult vocabulary and grammar banished to the later levels. Easy examples, each one with pinyin. Try clicking on one of the images below:
+<div class="grampt-img clearfix">
+[[File:Chinese-grammar-wiki-you.jpg|200px|link=ASGOOCVO|有 (yǒu)]]
+[[File:Chinese-grammar-wiki-Meiyou.jpg|200px|link=ASGPNV3Q|没有 (méiyǒu)]]
+[[File:Chinese-grammar-wiki-ye.jpg|200px|link=ASGG25MD|也 (yě)]]
+[[File:Chinese-grammar-wiki-shi.jpg|200px|link=ASGUN7RX|是 (shì)]]
+[[File:Chinese-grammar-wiki-hen.jpg|200px|link=ASG17BLH|很 (hěn)]]
+[[File:Chinese-grammar-wiki-yao.jpg|200px|link=ASGXVEAR|要 (yào)]]
+</div>
+[[A1 grammar points|See the full list of '''{{#ask: [[Level::A1]]  | format=count }} A1 grammar points'''...]]
+==[[A2|Essential Elementary Grammar Points]]==
+'''[[A2 grammar points]]''': So you've learned some basic grammar, but still need pinyin and want to build a stronger foundation? You've come to the right place! Check out some of the following pages:
+<div class="grampt-img clearfix">
+[[File:Chinese-grammar-wiki-bi.jpg|200px|link=ASG8SI2K|比 (bi)]]
+[[File:Chinese-grammar-wiki-xia.jpg|200px|link=ASGWCESP|下 (xia)]]
+[[File:在 (zài).jpeg|200px|link=ASGX0Z0N|在 (zài)]]
+[[File:Chinese-grammar-wiki-le.jpg|200px|link=ASGT185D|了 (le)]]
+[[File:Chinese-grammar-wiki-guo.jpg|200px|link=ASGQGV3P|过 (guo)]]
+[[File:Chinese-grammar-wiki-Ba.jpg|200px|link=ASGJIP2E|吧 (ba)]]
+</div>
+[[A2 grammar points|See the full list of '''{{#ask: [[Level::A2]]  | format=count }} A2 grammar points'''...]]
+==[[B1|Accessible Intermediate Grammar Points]]==
+'''[[B1 grammar points]]''': For when you're ready to really consolidate your grammar knowledge and fill in the gaps, but really don't want to slog through a grammar textbook. Our self-contained grammar points give you just the right amount to work on.
+<div class="grampt-img clearfix">
+[[File:Chinese-grammar-wiki-you-2.jpg|200px|link=ASGN1JR5|又 (you)]]
+[[File:Chinese-grammar-wiki-ba3.jpg|200px|link=ASG2UB2B|把 (ba)]]
+[[File:Chinese-grammar-wiki-cai.jpg|200px|link=ASGLOS9C|才 (cai)]]
+[[File:Chinese-grammar-wiki-zai-2.jpg|200px|link=ASGIZQJ2|再 (zai)]]
+[[File:Chinese-grammar-wiki-bei4.jpg|200px|link=ASGHF9F1|被 (bei)]]
+[[File:Chinese-grammar-wiki-wei.jpg|200px|link=ASG68RBX|为 (wei)]]
+</div>
+[[B1 grammar points|See the full list of '''{{#ask: [[Level::B1]]  | format=count }} B1 grammar points'''...]]
+==[[B2|Upgrading to Upper Intermediate]]==
+'''[[B2 grammar points]]''': These aren't easy, and often involve more formal language or finer points of the more basic grammar points. It's getting hard to find explanations that really address your needs, but this is one place you can find them!
+<div class="grampt-img clearfix">
+[[File:Chinese-grammar-wiki-er.jpg|200px|link=ASGMX0ZS|而 (er)]]
+[[File:Chinese-grammar-wiki-dao-2.jpg|200px|link=ASG1RE80|倒 (dao)]]
+[[File:Chinese-grammar-wiki-xiang.jpg|200px|link=ASG1MD4N|像 (xiang)]]
+[[File:Chinese-grammar-wiki-cha.jpg|200px|link=ASGGOUJB|差 (cha)]]
+[[File:Chinese-grammar-wiki-bing.jpg|200px|link=ASGUQUPG|并 (bing)]]
+[[File:Chinese-grammar-wiki-Jiushi.jpg|200px|link=ASGK213C|就是 (jiushi)]]
+</div>
+[[B2 grammar points|See the full list of '''{{#ask: [[Level::B2]]  | format=count }} B2 grammar points'''...]]
+==Ready for the really advanced stuff?==
+Our [[C1 grammar points]] are still a work in progress (there are {{#ask: [[Level::C1]]  | format=count }} so far), but if you'd like to help edit them, [[Contact|please get in touch]].
+==Need Help with Pinyin?==
+[[File:Popup-Plugins-3.png|link=Tools#Browser Extensions: Pinyin Popups|left|Pinyin Popup Plugins]]
+All of our [[A1]] and [[A2]] grammar points have pinyin throughout, but if you want pinyin for ''all'' the Chinese characters in this wiki, you can do that using '''[[Tools#Browser Extensions: Pinyin Popups|free browser plugins]]'''. Also try clicking on the little cog at the top right of any page to add spaces between characters.
+Try it out with this: <span class="liju">你 会 中文 吗 ？</span><br clear="all" />
+[[File:JTB-ebook-600 388.png|600px|link=https://www.allsetlearning.com/digital-products/chinese-grammar-wiki-book-just-the-basics]] <!-- Just the Basics book -->
+==[[Basic sentence order|Need Help with Chinese Word Order?]]==
+There's a lot of confusion out there about how similar Chinese word order and English worder really are. This video will set you straight:
+<div class="YT-container"><youtube>uBaamGzhGuE</youtube></div>
+For more details, please read our A1 article on [[basic sentence order]].
+==[[Keywords|Chinese Keywords]]==
+Certain Chinese words appear in lots of different grammar points. Get clear on how these words work in different ways by examining the keyword pages. Here are some examples to get you started:
+<div class="flat" style="font-size:120%">
+* [[了|了 (le)]]
+* [[不|不 (bù)]]
+* [[是|是 (shì)]]
+* [[就|就 (jìu)]]
+* [[都|都 (dōu)]]
+* [[也|也 (yě)]]
+* [[来|来 (lái)]]
+* [[的|的 (de)]]
+* [[得|得 (de)]]
+* [[还|还 (hái)]]
+* [[有|有 (yǒu)]]
+* [[好|好 (hǎo)]]
+* [[要|要 (yào)]]
+* [[于|于 (yú)]]
+* [[对|对 (duì)]]
+* [[多|多 (duō)]]
+* [[可|可 (kě)]]
+* [[没|没 (méi)]]
+* [[以|以 (yǐ)]]
+* [[在|在 (zài)]]
+* [[到|到 (dào)]]
+* [[没有|没有 (méiyǒu)]]
+* [[给|给 (gěi)]]
+* [[过|过 (guò)]]
+* [[去|去 (qù)]]
+* [[以后|以后 (yǐhòu)]]
+* [[再|再 (zài)]]
+* [[点|点 (diǎn)]]
+* [[什么|什么 (shénme)]]
+* [[为|为 (wèi, wéi)]]
+* [[下|下 (xià)]]
+* [[又|又 (yòu)]]
+* [[因为|因为 (yīnwèi)]]
+* [[怎么|怎么 (zěnme)]]
+</div>
+There are about [[Keywords|400 Chinese keywords in the full list]]. Check it out.
+==[[Translations|English Translations]]==
+Sometimes it's useful to start with English words and look at the different ways those English words can be translated into Chinese. Here are some English words worth a closer look in translation:
+<div class="flat" style="font-size:110%">
+* [[also]]
+* [[and]]
+* [[at]]
+* [[but]]
+* [[both]]
+* [[can]]
+* [[if]]
+* [[then]]
+* [[in]]
+* [[very]]
+* [[or]]
+* [[after]]
+* [[all]]
+* [[always]]
+* [[have]]
+* [[just]]
+* [[because]]
+* [[for]]
+* [[more]]
+* [[want]]
+* [[about]]
+* [[again]]
+* [[almost]]
+* [[although]]
+* [[either]]
+* [[every]]
+* [[go]]
+* [[later]]
+* [[really]]
+* [[too]]
+* [[will]]
+* [[able]]
+* [[already]]
+* [[before]]
+* [[etc.]]
+* [[how]]
+* [[however]]
+* [[is]]
+* [[less]]
+* [[need]]
+* [[so]]
+* [[some]]
+* [[therefore]]
+* [[when]]
 </div>
-|}
-| style="border:1px solid transparent;" |
-<!--        RIGHT / BLUE       -->
-| class="MainPageBG" style="width:50%; border:1px solid #cedff2; background:#f5faff; vertical-align:top;"|
-{| id="mp-right" style="width:100%; vertical-align:top; background:#f5faff;"
-! style="padding:2px;" | <h2 id="mp-itn-h2" style="margin:3px; background:#cedff2; font-size:120%; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #a3b0bf; text-align:left; color:#000; padding:0.2em 0.4em;">Referenced Throughout</h2>
-|-
-| style="color:#000; padding:2px 5px;" | <div id="mp-itn">
-To create this grammar wiki, AllSet Learning and its editor partners have made extensive use of various high-quality Chinese grammar reference materials. We strongly recommend them to any serious student of Chinese grammar. ''Purchasing these books by clicking on the grammar references linked within this website will also help to support this project.''
-Some of the key reference materials for this wiki have been:
+There are about [[Translations|100 English translation words in the full list]]. Check it out.
-* [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415700108?ie=UTF8&tag=sinosplice-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0415700108 Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide]
+==We've Got Your Textbooks and Grammar Books Covered==
-* [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0520066103?ie=UTF8&tag=sinosplice-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0520066103 Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar]
-* [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=sinosplice-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B003YJGCSS&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B003YJGCSS 实用现代汉语语法]
-* [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=sinosplice-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001198GSW&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001198GSW 现代汉语八百词]
-* [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=sinosplice-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001DUFS3A&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001DUFS3A 实用汉语语法]
-* [[Chinese Grammar Reference Materials|''See more...'']]
+It's not yet time to throw out those textbooks! We all use the internet for everything now, but we see also the value in textbook grammar explanations and exercises, and are doing our best to link textbooks to our own Chinese Grammar Wiki content.  To see how it works, '''click on one of the book covers below''' or [[Chinese textbook grammar index#Textbooks|'''try finding your own textbook in our list''']], and then seeing what it links to.
+<div class="flat" style="font-size:110%">
+* [[Reference:Integrated_Chinese:_Level_1,_Part_1_(3rd_ed)|Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd_ed)]]
+* [[Reference:New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_1_(新实用汉语课本1)|New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (新实用汉语课本1)]]
+* [[Reference:Modern_Mandarin_Chinese_Grammar:_A_Practical_Guide|Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide]]
+* [[Reference:Basic_Patterns_of_Chinese_Grammar|Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar]]
 </div>
-|}
-|}
-<!--        SECTIONS AT BOTTOM OF PAGE        -->
+<!-- (Hidden Oct. 2018 because the image links keep breaking, for some reason!) <div class="grampt-img plainlinks clearfix">
+[[Reference:Basic_Patterns_of_Chinese_Grammar|<img border="0" src="http://ws.assoc-amazon.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&ASIN=1933330899&Format=_SL110_&ID=AsinImage&MarketPlace=US&ServiceVersion=20070822&WS=1&tag=allset-20" />]]
+[[Reference:Integrated_Chinese:_Level_1,_Part_1_(3rd_ed)|<img border="0" src="http://ws.assoc-amazon.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&Format=_SL110_&ASIN=0887276385&MarketPlace=US&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&tag=allset-20&ServiceVersion=20070822" />]]
+[[Reference:Modern_Mandarin_Chinese_Grammar:_A_Practical_Guide|<img border="0" src="http://ws.assoc-amazon.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&Format=_SL110_&ASIN=0415700108&MarketPlace=US&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&tag=allset-20&ServiceVersion=20070822" />]]
+[[Reference:Basic_Chinese_-_A_Grammar_and_Workbook|<img border="0" src="http://ws.assoc-amazon.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&ASIN=0415472156&Format=_SL110_&ID=AsinImage&MarketPlace=US&ServiceVersion=20070822&WS=1&tag=allset-20" />]]
+[[Reference:Mandarin_Chinese:_A_Functional_Reference_Grammar|<img border="0" src="http://ws.assoc-amazon.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&Format=_SL110_&ASIN=0520066103&MarketPlace=US&ID=AsinImage&WS=1&tag=allset-20&ServiceVersion=20070822" />]]
+[[Reference:Yufa!_A_Practical_Guide_to_Mandarin_Chinese_Grammar|<img border="0" src="http://ws-na.amazon-adsystem.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&ASIN=1444109138&Format=_SL110_&ID=AsinImage&MarketPlace=US&ServiceVersion=20070822&WS=1&tag=allset-20" />]]
+[[Reference:New_Practical_Chinese_Reader_1_(新实用汉语课本1)|<img border="0" src="http://ws.assoc-amazon.com/widgets/q?_encoding=UTF8&ASIN=7561910401&Format=_SL110_&ID=AsinImage&MarketPlace=US&ServiceVersion=20070822&WS=1&tag=allset-20" />]]
+</div> -->
+''Purchasing a book on Amazon by clicking on the links within this website will also help to support the Chinese Grammar Wiki.''
 == About AllSet Learning ==
-[http://www.allsetlearning.com/ AllSet Learning] is a Shanghai-based learning consultancy dedicated to helping foreigners better learn Mandarin Chinese.  While most of the company's services are only available to clients physically in Shanghai, this wiki is the first of a series of resources which are open to the public through a [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ Creative Commons license].  When other projects become available, we will definitely put a notice here!
+[http://www.allsetlearning.com/ AllSet Learning] is a Shanghai-based learning consultancy dedicated to helping foreigners better learn Mandarin Chinese.  This wiki is maintained by [https://plus.google.com/104115976790023245464/?rel=author John Pasden] and the rest of the team at AllSet Learning.  While many of the company's services are only available to clients physically in Shanghai, this wiki is open to the public through a [http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ Creative Commons license].
+You can also find us [http://www.facebook.com/AllSetLearning on Facebook], [http://www.twitter.com/allsetlearning on Twitter], and [https://plus.google.com/b/113862655455378800247/113862655455378800247/about on Google+].
+'''All content on this wiki &copy; AllSet Learning, and may not be reproduced without attributions or used for commercial purposes.'''
 __NOTOC__
 [[Category:Grammar]]