C1 grammar points with HSK
"C1" (Advanced) is the third level of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). This pages shows the exact HSK Level equivalent of each C1 grammar point (instead of "Examples") for easy comparison between the two systems.
There are 69 total grammar points in the list below.
Parts of Speech
These following grammar points fit pretty neatly into one part of speech category.
Adverbs
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | HSK Level |
|---|---|---|
| Advanced usages of the contrary "dao" | Subject + Verb + 得 + 倒 + Adjective | HSK6 |
| Emphasizing with "henshi" | Subj. + 很是 + Adj. | HSK6 |
| Expressing "a full" with "zuzu" | 足足 + Verb | HSK6 |
| Expressing "again and again" with "yizai" | Subj. + 一再 + Verb | HSK6 |
| Expressing "all" with "fanshi" | 凡是 + Noun 都 / 就 / 一律 + Predicate | HSK6 |
| Expressing "always previously" with "xianglai" | Subject + 向来（都） + Verb/Verb Phrase | HSK6 |
| Expressing "as expected" with "guoran" | 果然 + Predicate | HSK6 |
| Expressing "as if" with "sihu" | Subj. + 似乎 ⋯⋯ | HSK6 |
| Expressing "contrary to expectations" with "pianpian" | A ,Subject + 偏偏 + B | HSK6 |
| Expressing "even so" with "zaibu... ye..." | 再不…… 也…… | HSK6 |
| Expressing "no exception" with "yilu" | 一律 + Predicate | HSK6 |
| Expressing "nothing but" with "wufei" | 无非 + 是 + Verb / Noun | HSK6 |
| Expressing the unexpected with "jingran" | Subj. + 竟然 ⋯⋯ | HSK4 |
| Expressing "when the time comes" with "dao shihou" | A, 到时候 + B | HSK6 |
| Expressing "why" with "hebi" | Subj. + 何必 + Predicate | HSK6 |
Auxiliary Words
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | HSK Level |
|---|---|---|
| Expressing that something has already happened with "laizhe" | Sentence + 来着 | HSK6 |
Conjunctions
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | HSK Level |
|---|---|---|
| Expressing "as well as" with "yiji" | Subj. + 何必 + Predicate | HSK6 |
| Expressing "in short" with "zongzhi" | （⋯⋯ ，）总之 ，⋯⋯ | HSK6 |
| Indicating contrast with "ze" | Clause 1，+ 则 + Clause 2 | HSK6 |
| "In order to avoid" with "yimian" | 以免 + Verb Phrase | HSK6 |
Nouns
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | HSK Level |
|---|---|---|
| Expressing "your side" with "ben" | 本 + Noun | HSK6 |
| Indicating a characteristic with "xing" | Word + 性 | HSK6 |
Particles
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | HSK Level |
|---|---|---|
| Expressing "is or is not" with "shifou" | 是否 + Verb/Adjective | HSK6 |
| Expressing possession with "zhi" | Noun + 之 + Noun | HSK6 |
| Expressing "whether or not" with "yufou" | Verb/Adjective + 与否 | HSK6 |
| Using the particle "bei" | Sentence + 呗 | HSK6 |
Prepositions
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | HSK Level |
|---|---|---|
| Expressing "in light of" with "jianyu" | 鉴于 + observation, conclusion/suggestion | HSK6 |
Sentence patterns
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | HSK Level |
|---|---|---|
| Adding emphasis with "fei....buke" | Subj. + 非(要) + Verb Phrase (+ 不可) | HSK6 |
| "Could it be that" with "qibushi" | 岂不是 + rhetorical question | HSK6 |
| Expressing "at the same time" with "jian" | Subject + 兼 + Verb + A + 和 + B | HSK6 |
| Expressing "could it be possible that" with "mofei" | Subject + 莫非 + rhetorical question | HSK6 |
| Expressing "from this" with "youci" | 由此 + Verb | HSK6 |
| Expressing “must" with "feidei" | 非得 + Action + 不可/不行/不成 | HSK6 |
| Expressing "nothing is more...than" with "moguoyu" | Object 1 + 莫过于 + Object 2 | HSK6 |
| Expressing "rather than..." with "yuqi... buru" | 与其 + A，宁可 / 宁愿 / 宁肯）+ B | HSK6 |
| Expressing "similar to" with "gen... shide" | 跟 + Noun/Pronoun/Adjective + 似的 | HSK6 |
| Expressing "to be worthy of" with "bukuishi" | 不愧是（不愧为）+ N | HSK6 |
| Expressing who is in charge with "you... zuozhu" | Area of responsibility + 由 + Person(s) + 做主 | HSK6 |
| Stating two or more reasons with "yilai...erlai" | 一来 + Reason 1 ，二来 + Reason 2 | HSK6 |
| Using "yi... wei..." | 以 + A + 为 + B | HSK4 |
Verbs
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | HSK Level |
|---|---|---|
| Expressing "I bet" using "liang" | 谅 + Subject + Verb phrase | HSK6 |
| Expressing "lies in" with "zaiyu" | ⋯⋯ 在于 ⋯⋯ | HSK4 |
Verb phrases
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | HSK Level |
|---|---|---|
| Expressing something is "not worth doing" with "buxie" | Subject + 不屑(于) + Verb | HSK6 |
| Facilitating an outcome with "yibian" | 以便 + Verb | HSK6 |
Grammatical Structures
These are grammatical structures that do not correspond to one particular part of speech.
Cause/Effect Statements
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | HSK Level |
|---|---|---|
| Using "because" with "er" to indicate effect | 因为⋯⋯ ，而⋯⋯ | HSK6 |
"If" Statements
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | HSK Level |
|---|---|---|
| Expressing "if… then…" with "jiashi" | 假使⋯⋯，就⋯⋯ | HSK6 |
Sentence Patterns
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | HSK Level |
|---|---|---|
| Additional way to express "in the name of" | Subj. + 借 + noun + 之名 + situation | HSK6 |
| Explaining purpose with "wei... er..." | 为⋯⋯ ，而⋯⋯ | HSK4 |
| Express an action and its effect by using "tongguo… shi" | 通过 + verb (situation occurring)，使 resultative situation | HSK6 |
| Expressing "inevitably" with "shibi" | 势必 | HSK6 |
| Expressing "in the name of" with "yi... de mingyi" | 以 + Subject + 名义 | HSK6 |
| Use "tangruo" to express "if" | 倘若 + resultative situation | HSK6 |
| Using the "suo" structure | 所 + Verb + 的 | HSK6 |
Let alone
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | HSK Level |
|---|---|---|
| Expressing "let alone" with "hekuang" | 连⋯⋯都（也）⋯⋯，何况⋯⋯ | HSK6 |
Comparisons of Similar Grammar Points
What's the difference between this grammar point and that grammar point? Check here.
Adverbs
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | HSK Level |
|---|---|---|
| Comparing "anzhao" and "genju" | 按照 vs 根据 | HSK6 |
| Comparing "budebu" and "zhihao" | 不得不 vs 只好 | HSK6 |
| Comparing "buduan" and "buting" | 不断 vs 不停 | HSK6 |
| Comparing "fan'er" and “que" | 反而 vs 却 | HSK6 |
| Comparing "genben" and "daodi" | 根本 vs 到底 | HSK6 |
| Comparing "genju" and "ju" | 根据 vs 据 | HSK6 |
| Comparing "huifu" and "huanyuan" | 恢复 vs 还原 | HSK6 |
| Comparing "juran" and "fan'er" | 居然 vs 反而 | HSK6 |
| Comparing "yishi" and "yidu" | 一度 vs 一时 | HSK6 |
| Comparing "yizhi" and "yixiang" | 一直 vs. 一向 | HSK6 |
Nouns
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | HSK Level |
|---|---|---|
| Comparing "bici" and "duifang" | 彼此 + Verb | HSK6 |
Separate Functions
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | HSK Level |
|---|---|---|
| Comparing "fan'er" and “xiangfan" | 反而 vs 相反 | HSK4 |
