Difference between revisions of "C1 grammar points"

Latest revision as of 08:20, 11 August 2019

"C1" (Advanced) is the fifth level, as defined by the European Common Framework, which is used on this Chinese Grammar Wiki. It is roughly equivalent to HSK Levels 5-6.

NOTE: This level is currently incomplete. Many more grammar points will need to be added.

There are 69 total grammar points in the list below.

Parts of Speech

These following grammar points fit pretty neatly into one part of speech category.

Adverbs

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	Examples
Advanced usages of the contrary "dao"	Subject + Verb + 得 + 倒 + Adjective	你说得倒容易，那你来！
Emphasizing with "henshi"	Subj. + 很是 + Adj.	这样做很是必要。
Expressing "a full" with "zuzu"	足足 + Verb	姚明身高足足有 2.26米。
Expressing "again and again" with "yizai"	Subj. + 一再 + Verb	我一再跟你说，出门在外要小心。
Expressing "all" with "fanshi"	凡是 + Noun 都 / 就 / 一律 + Predicate	凡是不听话的孩子都没有糖吃。
Expressing "always previously" with "xianglai"	Subject + 向来（都） + Verb/Verb Phrase	我向来努力，所以我每一次考试都获得满分。
Expressing "as expected" with "guoran"	果然 + Predicate	第一名果然是她！我就知道。
Expressing "as if" with "sihu"	Subj. + 似乎 ⋯⋯	你说得似乎很有道理。
Expressing "contrary to expectations" with "pianpian"	A ,Subject + 偏偏 + B	不叫他去，他偏偏要去。
Expressing "even so" with "zaibu... ye..."	再不…… 也……	再不也。
Expressing "no exception" with "yilu"	一律 + Predicate	明天的部门会议一律都要参加。
Expressing "nothing but" with "wufei"	无非 + 是 + Verb / Noun	我无非是想要一台电脑！
Expressing the unexpected with "jingran"	Subj. + 竟然 ⋯⋯	我们要出发的时候，他竟然说不去了。
Expressing "when the time comes" with "dao shihou"	A, 到时候 + B	现在不好好准备考试，到时候又要后悔了。
Expressing "why" with "hebi"	Subj. + 何必 + Predicate	都是一家人，你们何必这么客气？

Auxiliary Words

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	Examples
Expressing that something has already happened with "laizhe"	Sentence + 来着	刘老师说课本在桌子上来着。

Conjunctions

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	Examples
Expressing "as well as" with "yiji"	Subj. + 何必 + Predicate	A ，B + 以及 + C
Expressing "in short" with "zongzhi"	（⋯⋯ ，）总之，⋯⋯	不管他的理由是什么，总之，我不会再相信他了。
Indicating contrast with "ze"	Clause 1，+ 则 + Clause 2	南方人喜欢吃甜的东西，北方人则喜欢吃咸的东西。
"In order to avoid" with "yimian"	以免 + Verb Phrase	这儿有高压电线，请不要靠近，以免发生危险。

Nouns

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	Examples
Expressing "your side" with "ben"	本 + Noun	是本公司的商业模式。
Indicating a characteristic with "xing"	Word + 性	发生地震的可能性较大。

Particles

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	Examples
Expressing "is or is not" with "shifou"	是否 + Verb/Adjective	我不知道如果那个房间是否有足够空间。
Expressing possession with "zhi"	Noun + 之 + Noun	这些解决问题的方式仍然有不足之处。
Expressing "whether or not" with "yufou"	Verb/Adjective + 与否	成功与否，都靠自己。
Using the particle "bei"	Sentence + 呗	如果你不想去就不去呗。

Prepositions

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	Examples
Expressing "in light of" with "jianyu"	鉴于 + observation, conclusion/suggestion	鉴于是紧急情况，我们应该尽快做出决定。

Sentence patterns

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	Examples
Adding emphasis with "fei....buke"	Subj. + 非(要) + Verb Phrase (+ 不可)	我非学好汉语不可。
"Could it be that" with "qibushi"	岂不是 + rhetorical question	如果他要来，岂不是一件好事？
Expressing "at the same time" with "jian"	Subject + 兼 + Verb + A + 和 + B	这首歌的主唱兼词作者就是他。
Expressing "could it be possible that" with "mofei"	Subject + 莫非 + rhetorical question	莫非你真的相信他？
Expressing "from this" with "youci"	由此 + Verb	人们滥用农药和其他化学原料，由此产生了一系列严重的食品安全问题。
Expressing “must" with "feidei"	非得 + Action + 不可/不行/不成	现在是紧急情况，医生非得马上开刀不可。
Expressing "nothing is more...than" with "moguoyu"	Object 1 + 莫过于 + Object 2	美国最好的大学莫过于哈佛大学。
Expressing "rather than..." with "yuqi... buru"	与其 + A，宁可 / 宁愿 / 宁肯）+ B	与其这样等着，不如找点事做做。
Expressing "similar to" with "gen... shide"	跟 + Noun/Pronoun/Adjective + 似的	他们俩好得跟亲姐妹似的。
Expressing "to be worthy of" with "bukuishi"	不愧是（不愧为）+ N	他不愧是一名光荣的人民教师。
Expressing who is in charge with "you... zuozhu"	Area of responsibility + 由 + Person(s) + 做主	作为商店经理，所有的事情都由你做主，出了事情也由你负责。
Stating two or more reasons with "yilai...erlai"	一来 + Reason 1 ，二来 + Reason 2	一来是那边的宾馆很贵，二来也那边没有什么好看的风景。
Using "yi... wei..."	以 + A + 为 + B	我们公司是以亚洲市场为主，以欧美市场为辅。

Verbs

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	Examples
Expressing "I bet" using "liang"	谅 + Subject + Verb phrase	谅他也不敢！
Expressing "lies in" with "zaiyu"	⋯⋯ 在于 ⋯⋯	我们服务的特色在于个性化。

Verb phrases

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	Examples
Expressing something is "not worth doing" with "buxie"	Subject + 不屑(于) + Verb	我的同事是一位很诚实的人，他不屑说谎。
Facilitating an outcome with "yibian"	以便 + Verb	用普通话说，以便我能听懂。

Grammatical Structures

These are grammatical structures that do not correspond to one particular part of speech.

Cause/Effect Statements

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	Examples
Using "because" with "er" to indicate effect	因为⋯⋯ ，而⋯⋯	饭店因为物价上涨而涨价。

"If" Statements

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	Examples
Expressing "if… then…" with "jiashi"	假使⋯⋯，就⋯⋯	假使你遇到坏人，就报警。

Sentence Patterns

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	Examples
Additional way to express "in the name of"	Subj. + 借 + noun + 之名 + situation	借之名。
Explaining purpose with "wei... er..."	为⋯⋯ ，而⋯⋯	不为朋友圈而运动
Express an action and its effect by using "tongguo… shi"	通过 + verb (situation occurring)，使 resultative situation	通过，使国。
Expressing "inevitably" with "shibi"	势必	势必。
Expressing "in the name of" with "yi... de mingyi"	以 + Subject + 名义	不要以我的名义给公司写信.
Use "tangruo" to express "if"	倘若 + resultative situation	倘若有问题，可以给我打个电话。
Using the "suo" structure	所 + Verb + 的	他所说的话

Let alone

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	Examples
Expressing "let alone" with "hekuang"	连⋯⋯都（也）⋯⋯，何况⋯⋯	连小李都同意了，何况小张。

Comparisons of Similar Grammar Points

What's the difference between this grammar point and that grammar point? Check here.

Adverbs

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	Examples
Comparing "anzhao" and "genju"	按照 vs 根据	按照，根据
Comparing "budebu" and "zhihao"	不得不 vs 只好	刚下飞机，还没找到宾馆，行李不得不/只好寄存在朋友那。
Comparing "buduan" and "buting"	不断 vs 不停	她不断地找我，每次都说个不停。
Comparing "fan'er" and “que"	反而 vs 却	她反而有点不高兴。他却没带伞。
Comparing "genben" and "daodi"	根本 vs 到底	我根本不知道女朋友为什么生气。我们到底什么时候结束？
Comparing "genju" and "ju"	根据 vs 据	据他说，灾情并不是很严重。根据我的看法，他是个很负责任的人。
Comparing "huifu" and "huanyuan"	恢复 vs 还原	中国 1977年恢复了高考。他想把这个应用程序还原成代码。
Comparing "juran" and "fan'er"	居然 vs 反而	雨不仅没停，反而越下越大了 – 他居然就住在我们家隔壁，真是缘分呐！
Comparing "yishi" and "yidu"	一度 vs 一时	他过去一度想自杀。这雨一时半会儿停不了。
Comparing "yizhi" and "yixiang"	一直 vs. 一向	我一直在现在的公司工作。他一向不迟到。

Nouns

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	Examples
Comparing "bici" and "duifang"	彼此 + Verb	太吵了，我们都听不到对方在说什么。

Separate Functions

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	Examples
Comparing "fan'er" and “xiangfan"	反而 vs 相反	吃水果不但对他没好处，反而有坏处。老板的想法跟我的相反。

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-"C1" (Advanced) is the fifth level, as defined by the European Common Framework, which is used on this Chinese Grammar Wiki.  For more information on the levels used here, see the [[Grammar Points by Level]] page.
+"[[C1]]" (Advanced) is the fifth level, as defined by the European Common Framework, which is used on this Chinese Grammar Wiki. It is roughly equivalent to '''HSK Levels 5-6'''.
-=Parts of Speech =
+''NOTE: This level is currently incomplete. Many more grammar points will need to be added.''
+There are '''{{#ask: [[Level::C1]]  | format=count }}''' total grammar points in the list below.
+== Parts of Speech ==
+These following grammar points fit pretty neatly into one part of speech category.
 {{Print POS|C1}}
-= Grammatical Structures =
+== Grammatical Structures ==
-These following are grammatical structures that do not correspond to one particular part of speech.
+These are grammatical structures that do not correspond to one particular part of speech.
 {{Print Structure|C1}}
-= Comparisons =
+== Comparisons of Similar Grammar Points ==
+What's the difference between this grammar point and that grammar point? Check here.
 {{Print Comparisons|C1}}
+== See Also ==
+* For more information on the levels used here, see the [[Grammar Points by Level]] page.
 [[Category:Levels]]

Difference between revisions of "C1 grammar points"

Latest revision as of 08:20, 11 August 2019

Contents

Parts of Speech

Adverbs

Auxiliary Words

Conjunctions

Nouns

Particles

Prepositions

Sentence patterns

Verbs

Verb phrases

Grammatical Structures

Cause/Effect Statements

"If" Statements

Sentence Patterns

Let alone

Comparisons of Similar Grammar Points

Adverbs

Nouns

Separate Functions

See Also