HSK 4 grammar points with CEFR

"HSK 4" is the fourth level of the Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi (HSK). This pages shows the exact CEFR Level equivalent of each HSK 4 grammar point (instead of "Examples") for easy comparison between the two systems.

There are 115 total HSK 4 grammar points in the list below. You may also want to refer to our HSK 4 Standard Course textbook index page.

Parts of Speech

These following grammar points fit pretty neatly into one part of speech category.

Adjectives

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	CEFR Level
Indicating the whole with "quan"	全 + Noun	B1
Negative adjectives with "-si le"	Adj. + 死了	A2

Adverbs

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	CEFR Level
Approximations with "chabuduo"	Subj. + 差不多	A2
Assessing situations with "kanlai"	看来 + Judgment to the Situation；在 + Person + 看来	B2
Coincidence with "zhenghao"	Subj. + 正好 + Verb Phrase	B1
Declaring the only option with "zhihao"	只好 + Verb Phrase	B2
Emphasizing negation with "you"	又 + 不 / 没 + Verb	B1
Emphatic adverb "ke"	可 + Adj. (+ 了)	B2
Expressing "all along" with "yuanlai"	Subj. + 原来 + Predicate	B1
Expressing "almost" using "chadian"	Subj. + 差点 + Predicate	B1
Expressing "always" with "conglai"	从来 + 都 (是) + Predicate	B1
Expressing "as a result" with "jieguo"	Reason / Condition ，结果 + Result	B1
Expressing concern with "kongpa"	恐怕 + Subj. ⋯⋯	B2
Expressing "enough" with "gou"	Subj. + 够 + Predicate (+ 了)	B1
Expressing "even" with "shenzhi"	甚至	B2
Expressing "had better" with "haishi"	还是 + Verb	B1
Expressing "had better" with "zuihao"	Subj. + 最好 + Predicate	B1
Expressing "have to" with "budebu"	Subj. + 不得不 + Verb	B2
Expressing "in the end" with "daodi"	到底	B2
Expressing "in the end" with "jiujing"	究竟	B2
Expressing "just" with "gang"	Subj. + 刚 + Verb	A2
Expressing "one by one" with "yi"	一 + Measure Word + 一 + Measure Word	B1
Expressing "originally" with "benlai"	本来⋯⋯	B2
Expressing "small quantity" with "jiu"	就 + Subject + Predicate	B1
Expressing the unexpected with "jingran"	Subj. + 竟然 ⋯⋯	C1
Expressing "to make certain" with "qianwan"	千万 + Verb/Verb Phrase	B2
Rhetorical questions with "nandao"	难道⋯⋯？	B2
Sequencing with "xian" and "zai"	先⋯⋯ ，再⋯⋯	B1
Using "ye" and "dou" together	也都 + Verb / Adj.	B1

Adverbs with Adjectives

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	CEFR Level
Expressing "quite" with "ting"	挺 + Adj. + 的	B1

Auxiliary Words

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	CEFR Level
Ending a non-exhaustive list with "shenme de"	Noun 1, Noun 2 + 什么的	B1
Non-exhaustive lists with "dengdeng"	⋯⋯ 等 / 等等	B1

Conjunctions

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	CEFR Level
A softer "but" with "buguo"	⋯⋯ ，不过 ⋯⋯	B1
Expressing "and then" with "yushi"	⋯⋯ ，于是 ⋯⋯	B2
Expressing "in addition" with "haiyou"	⋯⋯ ，还有，⋯⋯	B1
Expressing "in addition" with "lingwai"	⋯⋯ ，另外，⋯⋯	B1
Expressing "in addition" with "zaishuo"	⋯⋯ ，再说，⋯⋯	B1
Two words for "but"	……，可是 / 但是……	A2
Using "er" to explain contrasting ideas	Sentence 1， + 而 + Sentence 2	B2
Using "lai" to connect two verb phrases	通过 / 用 + Method + 来 + Verb Phrase	B1

Nouns

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	CEFR Level
Expressing "within (it/them)" with "qizhong"	其中	B2

Numbers

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	CEFR Level
Expressing fractions with "fenzhi"	Denominator + 分之 + Numerator	B1

Particles

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	CEFR Level
Advanced yes-no questions with "ma"	Confirmation + Question + 吗？	B1
Reviewing options with "ba"	Option 1吧，⋯⋯ ；Option 2 吧，⋯⋯	B1
Using "de" (modal particle)	⋯⋯的	B1

Prepositions

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	CEFR Level
Expressing "along with…" with "suizhe"	随着 A + 的 + Verb， Subj. + Predicate	B2
Idiomatic phrases with "zai"	在 + Topic + 上，Subj. ⋯⋯	B1

Sentence patterns

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	CEFR Level
Using "yi... wei..."	以 + A + 为 + B	C1

Sentence Patterns

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	CEFR Level
Emphasizing a negation with "bing"	Subj. + 并 + 不 + Verb / Adj.	B2

Verbs

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	CEFR Level
Causative verbs	Subj. + 让 / 叫 / 请 / 使 + Person + Predicate	B1
Expressing "it depends" with "kan"	这 / 那 + 要看 / 得看 + Unclear Situation	B1
Expressing "it seems" with "haoxiang"	好像⋯⋯	B1
Expressing "lies in" with "zaiyu"	⋯⋯ 在于 ⋯⋯	C1
Expressing "mistakenly think that" with "yiwei"	Subj. + 以为⋯⋯	B1
Expressing "through" with "tongguo"	通过 + Agent / Method ，⋯⋯	B1
Expressing "to come from" with "laizi"	Subj. + 来自 + Place	B1
Using "lai" as a dummy verb	(让 +) Subj. + 来	B1

Auxiliary verbs

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	CEFR Level
Expressing "don't need to" with "buyong"	Subj. + 不用 + Verb Phrase	B1
Expressing "must" with "dei"	得 + Verb	B1

Verb phrases

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	CEFR Level
Combining verbs with "bing"	Verb Phrase 1 + 并 / 并且 + Verb Phrase 2	B2
Doing something less with "shao"	少 + Verb	B1
Doing something more with "duo"	多 + Verb	B1
Emphasizing the doer of an action with "you"	由 + Person + Verb	B2
Expressing "moreover" with "bingqie"	Verb Phrase 1 + 并 / 并且 + Verb Phrase 2	B2
Expressing "never" with "conglai"	从来 + 不 / 没(有) + Verb	A2
Expressing "to be worth" doing with "zhide"	值得 + Verb	B2
Expressing "until" with "dao"	Verb + 到 + Time / Event	B1
Indicating negative impact with "haide"	害得 + Verb Phrase	B2
Separable verb	Verb-Obj.	B1
Using "zhe" when "verbing away"	Verb + 着 + Verb + 着 + 就 + Comment + 了	B2

Grammatical Structures

These are grammatical structures that do not correspond to one particular part of speech.

"But" Statements

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	CEFR Level
Expressing "although" with "jinguan"	尽管⋯⋯，但是⋯⋯	B2
Expressing contrariness with "dao"	倒⋯⋯	B2
The "however" adverb "que"	⋯⋯，却⋯⋯	B2

Cause/Effect Statements

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	CEFR Level
Expressing "due to…" with "youyu"	由于⋯⋯，⋯⋯	B2
Expressing "since" with "jiran"	既然⋯⋯，就⋯⋯	B2
Expressing "therefore" with "yinci"	⋯⋯，因此⋯⋯	B2

Complements

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	CEFR Level
Advanced uses of direction complement "-qilai"	Verb + 起来	B2
Direction complement	Verb (+ Direction) + 来 / 去	B1
Direction complement "-qilai"	Verb / Adj.+ 起来	B1
Potential complement	Verb + 得 / 不 + Complement	B1

Conditional Statements

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	CEFR Level
Expressing "as long as" with "zhiyao"	只要⋯⋯，就⋯⋯	B2
Expressing "unless" with "chufei"	除非⋯⋯ ，才⋯⋯	B2

"Even If" Statements

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	CEFR Level
Expressing "even if…" with "jishi"	即使⋯⋯，也⋯⋯	B2

"If" Statements

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	CEFR Level
Expressing "if… then…" with "yaoshi"	要是⋯⋯，就⋯⋯	B2

"No Matter" Statements

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	CEFR Level
Expressing "no matter" with "buguan"	不管⋯⋯，都 / 也⋯⋯	B2
Expressing "no matter" with "wulun"	无论 / 不论⋯⋯，都 / 也⋯⋯	B2

Noun Phrases

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	CEFR Level
Expressing "all" with "suoyou"	所有 (+ 的) + Noun	B1
Expressing "one of" with "zhiyi"	⋯⋯之一	B1
Expressing "the other" with "lingwai"	另外 + Number + Measure Word + Noun	B1

Sentence Patterns

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	CEFR Level
Advanced uses of "lian"	连 + Verb + 都 + 不 / 没 + Verb (，就 ⋯⋯)	B2
Explaining purpose with "wei... er..."	为⋯⋯ ，而⋯⋯	C1
Expressing "any" with "renhe"	任何 + Noun + 都 / 也 ……	B2
Expressing "both… and…" with "ji...you"	既⋯⋯也 / 又⋯⋯	B2
Expressing location with "zai... shang / xia / li"	在 + Place + 上 / 下 / 里 / 旁边	A2

Basic/Simple Sentence Patterns

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	CEFR Level
Expressing "even" with "lian" and "dou"	连 + Subj. + 都 (+ 不 / 没) + Verb	B1
Expressing "every" with question words	Question Word + 都 + Predicate	B1
Expressing "multiples" with "bei"	Noun 1 + 是 + Noun 2 + 的 + Number + 倍	B1
Expressing "not at all" with "yidianr ye bu"	Subj. + 一点 + 也 / 都 + 不 + Adj.	B1
Expressing not knowing how to do something using "hao"	Subj. + 不知道 + Verb Phrase + 好	B1
Phrases using "laishuo"	对 + Person + 来说 / 一般来说	B1

Complex Sentence Patterns

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	CEFR Level
Conceding a point with "shi"	Adj. + 是 + Adj.，但是⋯⋯	B1
Events in quick succession with "yi... jiu..."	Subj. + 一 + Event 1，就 + Event 2	B1
Expressing various aspects with "yi fangmian"	一方面⋯⋯，一方面⋯⋯	B1

Not only… but also…

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	CEFR Level
Many types of "not only... but also..."	不但 / 不只 / 不仅⋯⋯，而且 / 还 / 也 ⋯⋯	B2

Comparisons of Similar Grammar Points

What's the difference between this grammar point and that grammar point? Check here.

Adverbs

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	CEFR Level
Comparing "benlai" and "yuanlai"	本来 vs 原来	B2
Comparing "changchang" and "wangwang"	常常 vs. 往往	B2
Comparing "gang" and "gangcai"	刚 vs. 刚才	B1

Prepositions

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	CEFR Level
Comparing "guanyu" and "duiyu"	关于 vs 对于	B2
Comparing "li" and "cong"	离 vs. 从	B1

Separate Functions

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	CEFR Level
Comparing "fan'er" and “xiangfan"	反而 vs 相反	C1
Comparing "kending" "queding" and “yiding"	肯定 vs 确定 vs 一定
Comparing "shihe" and "heshi"	适合 vs 合适	B2

Time Words

Grammar Point (English)	Pattern	CEFR Level
Comparing "yihou" and "de shihou"	以后 vs 的时候	B1

HSK 4 grammar points with CEFR

Contents

Parts of Speech

Adjectives

Adverbs

Adverbs with Adjectives

Auxiliary Words

Conjunctions

Nouns

Numbers

Particles

Prepositions

Sentence patterns

Sentence Patterns

Verbs

Auxiliary verbs

Verb phrases

Grammatical Structures

"But" Statements

Cause/Effect Statements

Complements

Conditional Statements

"Even If" Statements

"If" Statements

"No Matter" Statements

Noun Phrases

Sentence Patterns

Basic/Simple Sentence Patterns

Complex Sentence Patterns

Not only… but also…

Comparisons of Similar Grammar Points

Adverbs

Prepositions

Separate Functions

Time Words