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| − | "B2" is the fourth level, as defined by the European Common Framework, which is used on this Chinese Grammar Wiki. For more information on the levels used here, see the [[Grammar Points by Level]] page.
| + | [[File:B2-print-book.png|800px|link=https://amzn.to/3ctR1SR]]<!-- [[File:Grammar-Course-1.png|800px|link=https://www.allsetlearning.com/courses?category=Grammar&utm_source=GramWiki&utm_medium=banner]] --> |
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| − | == Adverbs ==
| + | '''"B2" (Upper Intermediate)''' is the fourth level, as defined by the European Common Framework, which is used on this Chinese Grammar Wiki. It is [[B2 grammar points with HSK|roughly equivalent to '''HSK Levels 4-5''']]. |
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| − | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left" | + | There are '''{{#ask: [[Level::B2]] | format=count }}''' total grammar points in the list below. |
| − | |-
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| − | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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| − | |-
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| − | |"Even" as "''shenzhi''" || 甚至 || <span class="liju">他们贡献出所有的精力，甚至最宝贵的生命。</span>
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| − | |Doing Something Over and Over with "''zaisan''" || 再三 + V || <span class="liju">妈妈再三叮嘱我，要注意安全。</span>
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| − | |The Emphatic Adverb "''ke''" || 可 || <span class="liju">这件事情对他造成的影响可大了。</span>
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| − | |"Simply" with "''jianzhi''" || 简直…… || <span class="liju">她感动得简直要哭出来了。</span>
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| − | |-
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| − | |"Since the Beginning" with "''yixiang''" || 一向 + V || <span class="liju">他做事情一向踏实。</span>
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| − | |}
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| | | | |
| − | == Adjectives == | + | == Parts of Speech == |
| | + | These following grammar points fit pretty neatly into one part of speech category. |
| | + | {{Print POS|B2}} |
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| − | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
| + | == Grammatical Structures == |
| − | |-
| + | These are grammatical structures that do not correspond neatly to just one particular part of speech. |
| − | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
| + | {{Print Structure|B2}} |
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| − | |Expressing Difficulty with "''hao (bu) rongyi''" || 好(不)容易 || <span class="liju">我好不容易完成了这个难题。</span>
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| − | |Adjectival Complement "''de hen''" || Adj + 得很 || <span class="liju">这个题目简单得很。</span>
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| − | |Adjectival Complement "''de budeliao''" || Adj + 得不得了 || <span class="liju">那个游戏复杂得不得了！</span>
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| − | |Challenging an Adjective with "''shenme''" || Adj + 什么? || <span class="liju">不就是一次考试吗，紧张什么？</span>
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| − | |} | |
| | | | |
| − | == Comparisons == | + | == Comparisons of Similar Grammar Points == |
| | + | What's the difference between this grammar point and that grammar point? Check here. |
| | + | {{Print Comparisons|B2}} |
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| − | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
| + | == See Also == |
| − | |-
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| − | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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| − | |Comparisons with "''buru''" || 不如…… || <span class="liju">我的汉语不如他的。</span>
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| − | |Expressing "A bit too" || Adj + 了一点(儿) || <span class="liju">这个东西的质量是差了一点。</span>
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| − | |Comparing Specifically with "''xiang''" || N1 + 像 + N2 + (那么……) || <span class="liju">她像妈妈那么善良。</span>
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| − | |}
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| | | | |
| − | == Lists ==
| + | * The next level is: [[C1 grammar points]] |
| − | | + | * For more information on the levels used here, see the [[Grammar Points by Level]] page. |
| − | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
| + | * This list in French: [http://www.chine-informations.com/mandarin/grammaire/RGLB2 Grammaire chinoise niveau B2] |
| − | |-
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| − | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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| − | |Ending a Non-Exhaustive List with "''shenme de''" || ……什么的 || <span class="liju">我买了苹果，橘子，香蕉什么的。</span>
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| − | |Listing Things with "''a''" || ……啊，……啊 || <span class="liju">我们店里有水饺啊，盖浇饭啊……</span>
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| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | == Numbers ==
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| − | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
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| − | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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| − | |Expressing Fractions with "''fenzhi''" || ……分之…… || <span class="liju">三分之一</span>
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| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | == Connectors ==
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| − | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
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| − | |-
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| − | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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| − | |Expressing "Anyway" as "''fanzheng''" || 反正 || <span class="liju">随便你信不信，反正我不信。</span>
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| − | |Adding Emphasis with "''jiushi''" || 就是 || <span class="liju">刚刚那个人就是小李，不是别人。</span>
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| − | |"In Addition" as "''lingwai''" || 另外 || <span class="liju">我吃了包子，另外还喝了豆浆。</span>
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| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | == Prepositions ==
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| − | | |
| − | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
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| − | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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| − | |"Along with…" Using "''suizhe''" || 随着…… || <span class="liju">随着物价的上涨，人民的负担越来越重。</span>
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| − | |"(Ever) Since" with "''(zi)cong''" || (自)从…… || <span class="liju">自从来了上海，他就习惯了繁忙的生活。</span>
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| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | == Defining Scope ==
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| − | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
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| − | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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| − | |"Within (it/them)" as "''qizhong''" || 其中 || <span class="liju">有5个人报名了，其中2个是女生。</span>
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| − | |"Among" as "''dangzhong''" || 当中 || <span class="liju">他们当中有温州人，有宁波人。</span>
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| − | |"With Regards to" as "''zhiyu''" || 至于 || <span class="liju">你先看产品。至于价格，我们再商量。</span>
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| − | |Limiting Scope with "''jiu''" || 就…… (来说 / 而言) || <span class="liju">就我而言，兴趣最重要。</span>
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| − | |"For…" with "''eryan''" || 对……而言 || <span class="liju">对顾客而言，促销活动很有吸引力。</span>
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| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | == Particles ==
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| − | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
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| − | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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| − | |Sentence-Final "''le 1+2''" || ……了 || <span class="liju">我明白你为什么走了。</span>
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| − | |Modifying One Verb with Another Using "''zhe''" || V1 + 着 + V2 || <span class="liju">照着抄下来。</span>
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| − | |Expressing States in Place with "''zhe''" || Location + V + 着 || <span class="liju">桌子上放着书。墙上挂着一幅画。</span>
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| − | |Softening the Tone of Questions with "''ne''" || ……呢? || <span class="liju">他人在哪呢？</span>
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| − | |Experience and Adjectives with "''guo''" || Adj + 过 || <span class="liju">他曾经贫穷过。</span>
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| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | == Verbs ==
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| − | | |
| − | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
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| − | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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| − | |"Hard to Avoid" with "''nanmian''" || 难免 + V || <span class="liju">第一次尝试，难免失败。</span>
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| − | |Facilitating an Outcome with "''yibian''" || 以便 + V || <span class="liju">用普通话说，以便我能听懂。</span>
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| − | |The Difference between "''shihe''" and "''heshi''" || 适合 VS 合适 || <span class="liju">这颜色不适合他，黑色才是合适的颜色。</span>
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| − | |Combining Verbs with "''bing''" || V + 并 + V || <span class="liju">同意并支持这个决定。</span>
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| − | |"Verbing away" using "''zhe''" || V + 着 + V + 着 || <span class="liju">走着走着，他们到家了。</span>
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| − | |Emphasizing the Doer of an Action with "''you''" || 由 + Person + V || <span class="liju">这个项目由小李来完成。</span>
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| − | |Challenging a Verb with "''shenme''" || V + 什么? || <span class="liju">你笑什么？</span>
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| − | |Passive Verbs with "''shou''" || 受 + V || <span class="liju">他为人善良，很受尊重。</span>
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| − | |"To Be Worth" Doing with "''zhide''" || 值得 + V || <span class="liju">这个想法不错，值得考虑。</span>
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| − | |Expressing Future with "''jiang''" || 将 / 将要 / 将会 + V || <span class="liju">他将要离开上海。</span>
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| − | |Separable Verbs || V-Obj / V + …… + Obj || <span class="liju">他离过婚吗？</span>
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| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | == Complements ==
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| − | | |
| − | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
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| − | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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| − | |Resultative Complement "''chu(lai)''" || V + 出(来) || <span class="liju">我终于想出了这个问题的答案。</span>
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| − | |"Verbing around" with "''lai''" and "''qu''" || V + 来 + V + 去 || <span class="liju">他考虑来考虑去，最后还是决定回学校。</span>
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| − | |Resultative Complement "''huai''" || V + 坏了 || <span class="liju">你这次话说得太重了，估计把他气坏了。</span>
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| − | |Resultative Complement "''kai''" || V + 开 || <span class="liju">如果想拆开这个包裹，你要准备把剪刀。</span>
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| − | |Resultative Complement "''zhu''" || V + 住 || <span class="liju">上了点药后，血止住了。</span>
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| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | == Cause/Effect Statements ==
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| − | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
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| − | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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| − | |"Due to…" with "''youyu''" || 由于……，…… || <span class="liju">由于天气不好，我们取消了行程。</span>
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| − | |"Therefore" with "''yinci''" || ……，因此…… || <span class="liju">这家饭店涨价了，因此顾客也少了。</span>
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| − | |"Because" with "''er''" Indicating Effect || 因为……，而…… || <span class="liju">饭店因为物价上涨而涨价。</span>
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| − | |Stating the Cause before the Effect || 之所以……，是因为 / 是由于…… || <span class="liju">我之所以生气，是因为他迟到了。</span>
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| − | |"Since" with "''jiran''" || 既然……，就……|| <span class="liju">既然来了，就留下来吃饭吧。</span>
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| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | == "But" Statements ==
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| − | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
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| − | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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| − | |Expressing Contrariness with "''dao''" || 倒…… || <span class="liju">雨没有停，倒大起来了。</span>
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| − | |"Although" with "''jinguan''" || 尽管……，但是…… || <span class="liju">尽管我很生气，但是还是控制住了。</span>
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| − | |"On the Contrary" with "''fan'er''" || ……，反而…… || <span class="liju">他不但没有放弃，反而更加努力了！</span>
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| − | |"Not… But Rather…" with "''er shi''" || 不是……，而是…… || <span class="liju">他不是老师，而是学生。</span>
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| − | |The "However" Adverb "''que''" || ……，却…… || <span class="liju">他们一见钟情，却没有在一起。</span>
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| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | == "If" Statements ==
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| − | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
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| − | |-
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| − | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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| − | |Marking a Topic with "de hua" || ……的话 || <span class="liju">荤菜的话，我喜欢牛肉。</span>
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| − | |"If… Then…" with "''ruguo''" || 如果……，就…… || <span class="liju">如果有问题，就打我电话。</span>
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| − | |"If… Then…" with "''yaoshi''" || 要是……，就…… || <span class="liju">要是累了，就休息一会。</span>
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| − | |"If… Then…" with "''jiaru''" || 假如……，就…… || <span class="liju">假如下雨了，就收衣服。</span>
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| − | |-
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| − | |"If… Then…" with "''jiashi''" || 假使……，就…… || <span class="liju">假使你遇到坏人，就报警。</span>
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| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | == "Even If" Statements ==
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| − | | |
| − | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
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| − | |-
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| − | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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| − | |Expressing "Even if…" with "''jiushi''" || 就是……，也…… || <span class="liju">就是天气不好，我也要出去玩。</span>
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| − | |Expressing "Even if…" with "''jishi''" || 即使……，也…… || <span class="liju">即使东西不好吃，你也要稍微吃点。</span>
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| − | |-
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| − | |Expressing "Even if…" with "''jiusuan''" || 就算……，也…… || <span class="liju">就算有再多困难，我们也要坚持到底。</span>
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| − | |-
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| − | |Expressing "Even if…" with "''napa''" || 哪怕……，也…… || <span class="liju">哪怕第一次失败了，也要继续研究。</span>
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| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | == "No Matter" Statements ==
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| − | | |
| − | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
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| − | |-
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| − | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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| − | |"No Matter" with "''wulun''" || 无论 / 不论……，都/也…… || <span class="liju">无论天多热，都要坚持。</span>
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| − | |-
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| − | |"No Matter" with "''buguan''" || 不管……，都/也…… || <span class="liju">不管身体好坏，他都工作到深夜。</span>
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| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | == Conditional Statements ==
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| − | | |
| − | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
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| − | |-
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| − | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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| − | |-
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| − | |"As long as" with "''zhiyao''" || 只要……，就…… || <span class="liju">只要你过来，我们就很开心。</span>
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| − | |-
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| − | |"Only if" with "''zhiyou''" || 只有……，才…… || <span class="liju">只有你帮忙，我才能完成任务。</span>
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| − | |-
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| − | |"Unless" with "''chufei''" || 除非……，才…… || <span class="liju">除非你求情，他才肯帮忙。</span>
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| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | == Sentence Patterns ==
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| − | | |
| − | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
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| − | |-
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| − | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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| − | |Expressing "Either… Or…" Alternatives with "''yaome''" || 要么……，要么…… || <span class="liju">你要么今天过来，要么后天过来。</span>
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| − | |-
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| − | |Providing Two Options with Double "''huozhe''" || 或者……，或者…… || <span class="liju">或者学汉语，或者学法律。</span>
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| − | |-
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| − | |"Not Only… But Also" with "''bujin''" || 不仅……，而且…… || <span class="liju">她不仅聪明，而且漂亮。</span>
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| − | |-
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| − | |"Both… and…" with "''ji''" || 既……也/又…… || <span class="liju">他做事情既快又好。</span>
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| − | |-
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| − | |Expressing the Only Two Possibilities || 不是……，就是…… || <span class="liju">不是成功，就是失败。</span>
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| − | |-
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| − | |Many Types of "Not Only… But Also…" || 不但 / 不只 / 不仅……，而且 / 还 / 也 / 又…… || <span class="liju">我的家乡不但风景优美，而且物产丰富。</span>
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| − | |"Let Alone" with "''hekuang''" || 连……都（也）……，何况…… || <span class="liju">连小李都同意了，何况小张。</span>
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| − | |-
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| − | |"Let Alone" with "''geng buyong shuo''" || ……，更不用说…… || <span class="liju">她会说法语，更不用说英语了。</span>
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| − | |-
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| − | |"Let Alone" with "''bie shuo''" || 别说……，就是…… || <span class="liju">别说一百，就是一块钱我也不给你。</span>
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| − | |-
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| − | |Expressing Simultaneous Actions with "''yimian''" || 一面……，一面…… || <span class="liju">他一面吃东西，一面看电影。</span>
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| − | |-
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| − | |Expressing Various Aspects with "''yi fangmian''" || 一方面……，一方面…… || <span class="liju">一方面他很喜欢这份工作，一方面他又觉得工资太低。</span>
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| − | |-
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| − | |"Would Rather" with "''ningke''" || 宁可……，也…… || <span class="liju">我宁可死也不愿放弃！</span>
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| − | |-
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| − | |Expressing Purpose with "''hao''" || ……，好…… || <span class="liju">我故意说慢点，好让他听懂。</span>
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| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | == Tone of Voice ==
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| − | | |
| − | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
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| − | |-
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| − | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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| − | |Rhetorical Questions with "''nandao''" || 难道……? || <span class="liju">这都是你引起的，难道你就不内疚？</span>
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| − | |"All Along" with "''yuanlai''" || 原来…… || <span class="liju">原来昨天那个人是你啊。</span>
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| − | |Expressing "After All" with "''bijing''" || 毕竟 || <span class="liju">别怪他了，毕竟他还小。</span>
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| − | |Expressing "In the End" with "''daodi''" || 到底 || <span class="liju">事情到底是办成了。</span>
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| − | |Expressing "In the End" with "''jiujing''" || 究竟 || <span class="liju">他究竟是个专家，知道得比我们多。</span>
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| | [[Category:Levels]] | | [[Category:Levels]] |
