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− | "B2" is the fourth level, as defined by the European Common Framework, which is used on this Chinese Grammar Wiki. For more information on the levels used here, see the [[Grammar Points by Level]] page.
| + | [[File:B2-print-book.png|800px|link=https://amzn.to/3ctR1SR]]<!-- [[File:Grammar-Course-1.png|800px|link=https://www.allsetlearning.com/courses?category=Grammar&utm_source=GramWiki&utm_medium=banner]] --> |
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− | == Adverbs ==
| + | '''"B2" (Upper Intermediate)''' is the fourth level, as defined by the European Common Framework, which is used on this Chinese Grammar Wiki. It is [[B2 grammar points with HSK|roughly equivalent to '''HSK Levels 4-5''']]. |
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− | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left" | + | There are '''{{#ask: [[Level::B2]] | format=count }}''' total grammar points in the list below. |
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− | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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− | |"Even" as "''shenzhi''" || 甚至 || <span class="liju">他们 贡献 出 所有 的 精力 , <em>甚至</em> 最 宝贵 的 生命 。</span>
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− | |Doing Something Over and Over with "''zaisan''" || 再三 + V || <span class="liju">妈妈 <em>再三</em> 叮嘱 我 , 要 注意 安全 。</span>
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− | |The Emphatic Adverb "''ke''" || 可 || <span class="liju">这 件 事情 对 他 造成 的 影响 <em>可</em> 大 了 。</span>
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− | |"Simply" with "''jianzhi''" || 简直…… || <span class="liju">她 感动 得 <em>简直</em> 要 哭 出来 了 。</span>
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− | |"Since the Beginning" with "''yixiang''" || 一向 + V || <span class="liju">他 做 事情 <em>一向</em> 踏实 。</span>
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− | |}
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− | == Adjectives == | + | == Parts of Speech == |
| + | These following grammar points fit pretty neatly into one part of speech category. |
| + | {{Print POS|B2}} |
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− | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
| + | == Grammatical Structures == |
− | |-
| + | These are grammatical structures that do not correspond neatly to just one particular part of speech. |
− | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
| + | {{Print Structure|B2}} |
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− | |Expressing Difficulty with "''hao (bu) rongyi''" || 好(不)容易 || <span class="liju">我 <em>好不容易</em> 完成 了 这 个 难题 。</span>
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− | |Adjectival Complement "''de hen''" || Adj + 得很 || <span class="liju">这个 题目 简单 <em>得 很</em> 。</span>
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− | |Adjectival Complement "''de budeliao''" || Adj + 得不得了 || <span class="liju">那个 游戏 <em>复杂 得 不得了</em> !</span>
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− | |Challenging an Adjective with "''shenme''" || Adj + 什么? || <span class="liju">不 就是 一次 考试 吗,<em>紧张 什么</em> ?</span>
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− | |} | |
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− | == Comparisons == | + | == Comparisons of Similar Grammar Points == |
| + | What's the difference between this grammar point and that grammar point? Check here. |
| + | {{Print Comparisons|B2}} |
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− | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
| + | == See Also == |
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− | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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− | |Comparisons with "''buru''" || 不如…… || <span class="liju">我的 汉语 <em>不如</em> 他的。</span>
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− | |Expressing "A bit too" || Adj + 了一点(儿) || <span class="liju">这个 东西 的 质量 是 <em>差 了 一点</em> 。</span>
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− | |Comparing Specifically with "''xiang''" || N1 + 像 + N2 + (那么……) || <span class="liju">她 <em>像</em> 妈妈 <em>那么</em> 善良。</span>
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− | |}
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− | == Lists ==
| + | * The next level is: [[C1 grammar points]] |
− | | + | * For more information on the levels used here, see the [[Grammar Points by Level]] page. |
− | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
| + | * This list in French: [http://www.chine-informations.com/mandarin/grammaire/RGLB2 Grammaire chinoise niveau B2] |
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− | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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− | |Ending a Non-Exhaustive List with "''shenme de''" || ……什么的 || <span class="liju">我 买 了 苹果 ,橘子 ,香蕉 <em>什么的</em> 。</span>
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− | |Listing Things with "''a''" || ……啊,……啊 || <span class="liju">我们 店里 有 水饺 <em>啊</em>,盖浇饭 <em>啊</em> ……</span>
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− | |}
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− | == Numbers ==
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− | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
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− | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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− | |Expressing Fractions with "''fenzhi''" || ……分之…… || <span class="liju">三 <em>分之</em> 一</span>
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− | |}
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− | == Connectors ==
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− | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
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− | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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− | |Expressing "Anyway" as "''fanzheng''" || 反正 || <span class="liju">随便 你 信 不 信 , <em>反正</em> 我 不 信 。</span>
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− | |Adding Emphasis with "''jiushi''" || 就是 || <span class="liju">刚刚 那个 人 <em>就是</em> 小李 , 不 是 别人 。</span>
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− | |"In Addition" as "''lingwai''" || 另外 || <span class="liju">我 吃 了 包子 , <em>另外</em> 还 喝 了 豆浆 。</span>
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− | |}
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− | == Prepositions ==
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− | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
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− | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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− | |"Along with…" Using "''suizhe''" || 随着…… || <span class="liju"><em>随着</em> 物价 的 上涨 , 人民 的 负担 越来越 重 。</span>
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− | |"(Ever) Since" with "''(zi)cong''" || (自)从…… || <span class="liju"><em>自从</em> 来 了 上海 , 他 就 习惯 了 繁忙 的 生活 。</span>
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− | |}
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− | == Defining Scope ==
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− | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
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− | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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− | |"Within (it/them)" as "''qizhong''" || 其中 || <span class="liju">有 五 个 人 报名 了 , <em>其中</em> 两 个 是 女生 。</span>
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− | |"Among" as "''dangzhong''" || 当中 || <span class="liju">他们 <em>当中</em> 有 温州 人 , 有 宁波 人 。</span>
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− | |"With Regards to" as "''zhiyu''" || 至于 || <span class="liju">你 先 看 产品 。 <em>至于</em> 价格 , 我们 再 商量 。</span>
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− | |Limiting Scope with "''jiu''" || 就…… (来说 / 而言) || <span class="liju"><em>就</em> 我 <em>而言</em> , 兴趣 最 重要 。</span>
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− | |"For…" with "''eryan''" || 对……而言 || <span class="liju"><em>对</em> 顾客 <em>而言</em> ,促销 活动 很 有 吸引力 。</span>
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− | |}
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− | == Particles ==
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− | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
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− | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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− | |Sentence-Final "''le 1+2''" || ……了 || <span class="liju">我 明白 你 为什么 走 <em>了</em> 。</span>
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− | |Modifying One Verb with Another Using "''zhe''" || V1 + 着 + V2 || <span class="liju">照 <em>着</em> 抄 下来。</span>
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− | |Expressing States in Place with "''zhe''" || Location + V + 着 || <span class="liju">桌子 上 放 <em>着</em> 书 。墙 上 挂 <em>着</em> 一 幅 画 。</span>
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− | |Softening the Tone of Questions with "''ne''" || ……呢? || <span class="liju">他 人 在 哪 <em>呢</em> ?</span>
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− | |Experience and Adjectives with "''guo''" || Adj + 过 || <span class="liju">他 曾经 <em>贫穷</em> 过 。</span>
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− | |}
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− | == Verbs ==
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− | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
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− | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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− | |"Hard to Avoid" with "''nanmian''" || 难免 + V || <span class="liju">第 一 次 尝试 , <em>难免</em> 失败 。</span>
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− | |Facilitating an Outcome with "''yibian''" || 以便 + V || <span class="liju">用 普通话 说 , <em>以便</em> 我 能 听懂 。</span>
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− | |The Difference between "''shihe''" and "''heshi''" || 适合 VS 合适 || <span class="liju">这 颜色 不 <em>适合</em> 他 , 黑色 才 是 <em>合适</em> 的 颜色 。</span>
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− | |Combining Verbs with "''bing''" || V + 并 + V || <span class="liju">同意 <em>并</em> 支持 这个 决定 。</span>
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− | |"Verbing away" using "''zhe''" || V + 着 + V + 着 || <span class="liju">走 <em>着</em> 走 <em>着</em> , 他们 到 家 了 。</span>
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− | |Emphasizing the Doer of an Action with "''you''" || 由 + Person + V || <span class="liju">这个 项目 <em>由</em> 小李 来 完成 。</span>
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− | |Challenging a Verb with "''shenme''" || V + 什么? || <span class="liju">你 笑 <em>什么</em> ?</span>
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− | |Passive Verbs with "''shou''" || 受 + V || <span class="liju">他 为 人 善良 , 很 <em>受</em> 尊重 。</span>
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− | |"To Be Worth" Doing with "''zhide''" || 值得 + V || <span class="liju">这个 想法 不错 , <em>值得</em> 考虑 。</span>
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− | |Expressing Future with "''jiang''" || 将 / 将要 / 将会 + V || <span class="liju">他 <em>将要</em> 离开 上海 。</span>
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− | |Separable Verbs || V-Obj / V + …… + Obj || <span class="liju">他 <em>离</em> 过 <em>婚</em> 吗 ?</span>
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− | |}
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− | == Complements ==
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− | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
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− | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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− | |Resultative Complement "''chu(lai)''" || V + 出(来) || <span class="liju">我 终于 想 <em>出</em> 了 这个 问题 的 答案 。</span>
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− | |"Verbing around" with "''lai''" and "''qu''" || V + 来 + V + 去 || <span class="liju">他 考虑 <em>来</em> 考虑 <em>去</em> , 最后 还是 决定 回 学校 。</span>
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− | |Resultative Complement "''huai''" || V + 坏了 || <span class="liju">你 这 次 话 说 得 太 重 了 , 估计 把 他 气 <em>坏</em> 了。</span>
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− | |Resultative Complement "''kai''" || V + 开 || <span class="liju">如果 想 拆 <em>开</em> 这个 包裹 , 你 要 准备 把 剪刀 。</span>
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− | |Resultative Complement "''zhu''" || V + 住 || <span class="liju">上 了 点 药 后 , 血 止 <em>住</em> 了。</span>
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− | |}
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− | == Cause/Effect Statements ==
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− | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
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− | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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− | |"Due to…" with "''youyu''" || 由于……,…… || <span class="liju"><em>由于</em> 天气 不 好 , 我们 取消 了 行程 。</span>
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− | |"Therefore" with "''yinci''" || ……,因此…… || <span class="liju">这 家 饭店 涨价 了 , <em>因此</em> 顾客 也 少 了 。</span>
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− | |"Because" with "''er''" Indicating Effect || 因为……,而…… || <span class="liju">饭店 <em>因为</em> 物价 上涨 <em>而</em> 涨价 。</span>
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− | |Stating the Cause before the Effect || 之所以……,是因为 / 是由于…… || <span class="liju">我 <em>之所以</em> 生气 , <em>是 因为</em> 他 迟到 了 。</span>
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− | |"Since" with "''jiran''" || 既然……,就……|| <span class="liju"><em>既然</em> 来 了 , <em>就</em> 留 下来 吃 饭 吧 。</span>
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− | |}
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− | == "But" Statements ==
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− | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
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− | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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− | |Expressing Contrariness with "''dao''" || 倒…… || <span class="liju">雨 没有 停 , <em>倒</em> 大 起来 了 。</span>
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− | |"Although" with "''jinguan''" || 尽管……,但是…… || <span class="liju"><em>尽管</em> 我 很 生气 ,<em>但是</em> 还是 控制 住 了。</span>
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− | |"On the Contrary" with "''fan'er''" || ……,反而…… || <span class="liju">他 没有 放弃 , <em>反而</em> 更加 努力 了 !</span>
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− | |"Not… But Rather…" with "''er shi''" || 不是……,而是…… || <span class="liju">他 <em>不 是</em> 老师 , <em>而 是</em> 学生 。</span>
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− | |The "However" Adverb "''que''" || ……,却…… || <span class="liju">他们 一见钟情 , <em>却</em> 没有 在 一起 。</span>
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− | |}
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− | == "If" Statements ==
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− | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
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− | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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− | |Marking a Topic with "de hua" || ……的话 || <span class="liju">荤菜 <em>的话</em> , 我 喜欢 牛肉 。</span>
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− | |"If… Then…" with "''ruguo''" || 如果……,就…… || <span class="liju"><em>如果</em> 有 问题 ,<em>就</em> 打 我 电话 。</span>
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− | |"If… Then…" with "''yaoshi''" || 要是……,就…… || <span class="liju"><em>要是</em> 累 了 , <em>就</em> 休息 一会 。</span>
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− | |"If… Then…" with "''jiaru''" || 假如……,就…… || <span class="liju"><em>假如</em> 下雨 了 , <em>就</em> 收 衣服 。</span>
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− | |"If… Then…" with "''jiashi''" || 假使……,就…… || <span class="liju"><em>假使</em> 你 遇到 坏人 , <em>就</em> 报警 。</span>
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− | |}
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− | | |
− | == "Even If" Statements ==
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− | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
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− | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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− | |Expressing "Even if…" with "''jiushi''" || 就是……,也…… || <span class="liju"><em>就是</em> 天气 不 好 , 我 <em>也</em> 要 出去 玩 。</span>
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− | |Expressing "Even if…" with "''jishi''" || 即使……,也…… || <span class="liju"><em>即使</em> 东西 不 好吃 , 你 <em>也</em> 要 稍微 吃 点 。</span>
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− | |Expressing "Even if…" with "''jiusuan''" || 就算……,也…… || <span class="liju"><em>就算</em> 有 再 多 困难 , 我们 <em>也</em> 要 坚持 到底 。</span>
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− | |Expressing "Even if…" with "''napa''" || 哪怕……,也…… || <span class="liju"><em>哪怕</em> 第 一 次 失败 了 , <em>也</em> 要 继续 研究 。</span>
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− | |}
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− | | |
− | == "No Matter" Statements ==
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− | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
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− | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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− | |"No Matter" with "''wulun''" || 无论 / 不论……,都/也…… || <span class="liju"><em>无论</em> 天 多 热 , <em>都</em> 要 坚持 。</span>
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− | |"No Matter" with "''buguan''" || 不管……,都/也…… || <span class="liju"><em>不管</em> 身体 好 坏 , 他 <em>都</em> 工作 到 深夜 。</span>
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− | |}
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− | == Conditional Statements ==
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− | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
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− | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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− | |"As long as" with "''zhiyao''" || 只要……,就…… || <span class="liju"><em>只要</em> 你 过来 , 我们 <em>就</em> 很 开心 。</span>
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− | |"Only if" with "''zhiyou''" || 只有……,才…… || <span class="liju"><em>只有</em> 你 帮忙 , 我 <em>才</em> 能 完成 任务 。</span>
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− | |"Unless" with "''chufei''" || 除非……,才…… || <span class="liju"><em>除非</em> 你 求情 , 他 <em>才</em> 肯 帮忙 。</span>
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− | |}
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− | == Sentence Patterns ==
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− | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
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− | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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− | |Expressing "Either… Or…" Alternatives with "''yaome''" || 要么……,要么…… || <span class="liju">你 <em>要么</em> 今天 过来 , <em>要么</em> 后天 过来 。</span>
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− | |Providing Two Options with Double "''huozhe''" || 或者……,或者…… || <span class="liju"><em>或者</em> 学 汉语 , <em>或者</em> 学 法律 。</span>
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− | |"Not Only… But Also" with "''bujin''" || 不仅……,而且…… || <span class="liju">她 <em>不仅</em> 聪明 , <em>而且</em> 漂亮 。</span>
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− | |"Both… and…" with "''ji''" || 既……也/又…… || <span class="liju">他 做 事情 <em>既</em> 快 <em>又</em> 好。</span>
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− | |Expressing the Only Two Possibilities || 不是……,就是…… || <span class="liju"><em>不是</em> 成功,<em>就是</em> 失败。</span>
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− | |Many Types of "Not Only… But Also…" || 不但 / 不只 / 不仅……,而且 / 还 / 也 / 又…… || <span class="liju">我的 家乡 <em>不但</em> 风景 优美 , <em>而且</em> 物产 丰富 。</span>
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− | |"Let Alone" with "''hekuang''" || 连……都(也)……,何况…… || <span class="liju"><em>连</em> 小李 都 同意 了 , <em>何况</em> 小张。</span>
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− | |"Let Alone" with "''geng buyong shuo''" || ……,更不用说…… || <span class="liju">她 会 说 法语 , <em>更 不用 说</em> 英语 了 。</span>
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− | |"Let Alone" with "''bie shuo''" || 别说……,就是…… || <span class="liju"><em>别说</em> 一百 , <em>就是</em> 一 块 钱 我 也 不 给 你 。</span>
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− | |Expressing Simultaneous Actions with "''yimian''" || 一面……,一面…… || <span class="liju">他 <em>一面</em> 吃 东西 , <em>一面</em> 看 电影 。</span>
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− | |Expressing Various Aspects with "''yi fangmian''" || 一方面……,一方面…… || <span class="liju"><em>一 方面</em> 他 很 喜欢 这 份 工作 , <em>一 方面</em> 他 又 觉得 工资 太 低 。</span>
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− | |"Would Rather" with "''ningke''" || 宁可……,也…… || <span class="liju">我 <em>宁可</em> 死 <em>也</em> 不 愿 放弃 !</span>
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− | |Expressing Purpose with "''hao''" || ……,好…… || <span class="liju">我 故意 说 慢 点 , <em>好</em> 让 他 听懂 。</span>
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− | == Tone of Voice ==
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− | {| class="wikitable" style="width:50em; text-align:left"
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− | ! Grammar Point (English) !! Pattern !! Examples
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− | |Rhetorical Questions with "''nandao''" || 难道……? || <span class="liju">这 都 是 你 引起 的 , <em>难道</em> 你 就 不 内疚 ?</span>
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− | |"All Along" with "''yuanlai''" || 原来…… || <span class="liju"><em>原来</em> 昨天 那个 人 是 你 啊 。</span>
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− | |Expressing "After All" with "''bijing''" || 毕竟 || <span class="liju">别 怪 他 了 , <em>毕竟</em> 他 还 小 。</span>
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− | |Expressing "In the End" with "''daodi''" || 到底 || <span class="liju">事情 <em>到底</em> 是 办 成 了 。</span>
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− | |Expressing "In the End" with "''jiujing''" || 究竟 || <span class="liju">他 <em>究竟</em> 是 个 专家 , 知道 得 比 我们 多 。</span>
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| [[Category:Levels]] | | [[Category:Levels]] |